Chapter 31 WS

Femoral shaft fractures can result in up to _____ mL of internal blood loss.

1,000

Which of the following statements regarding compartment syndrome is correct?

Compartment syndrome typically develops within 6 to 12 hours after an injury.

Which of the following statements about compartment syndrome is FALSE?

It most commonly occurs with a fractured femur.

All extremity injuries should be splinted before moving a patient unless the patient's life is in immediate danger.

True

Which of the following statements regarding the treatment of an amputation is FALSE?

You should sever any partial amputation because this will aid in the reattachment process.

A subluxation occurs when:

a joint is incompletely dislocated.

For which of the following should you use a traction splint?

an isolated femur fracture

With regard to musculoskeletal injuries, the zone of injury is defined as the:

area of soft-tissue damage surrounding the injury.

You receive a call to a local gymnasium for a basketball player with a dislocated shoulder. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 17-year-old male, sitting on the ground. He is holding his left arm in a fixed position away from his body. There is an obvious anterior bulge to the area of injury. You should:

assess distal pulse motor, and sensory functions

You respond to a motorcycle accident for a 41 yo man who is unconscious. He has obvious deformity to both lower legs and is bleeding moderately from an open fracture. His airway is open, and he is making gurgling noises. Pulse is rapid and weak. Distal pulses are very weak. Your first priority with this patient is to:

assess distal pulse motor, and sensory functions

A 21-year-old male was thrown over the handlebars of his motorcycle when he rear-ended a car that was stopped at a red light. He was wearing a helmet, which he removed prior to your arrival. He is conscious, but restless, and has closed deformities to both of his femurs. His skin is pale, his heart rate is rapid and weak, and his respirations are rapid and shallow. In addition to applying high-flow oxygen and protecting his spine, you should:

bind his legs together on the backboard, keep him warm, and transport without delay.

Your 24 yo patient fell off a balance beam and landed on his arm. He is complaining of pain in the upper arm, and there is obvious swelling. You know that swelling is a sign of __________.

bleeding

Bone marrow produces:

blood cells

The musculoskeletal system refers to the:

bones and voluntary muscles of the body.

A fracture is MOST accurately defined as a(n):

break in the continuity of the bone.

A grating or grinding sensation known as _____________ can be felt and sometimes even heard when fractured bone ends rub together.

crepitus

A __________ is a disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact.

dislocation

Always check neurovascular function at the following times EXCEPT:

during history taking

Signs and symptoms of a dislocated joint include all of the following EXCEPT:

ecchymosis

Assessing a person's neurovascular status following a musculoskeletal injury includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

evaluating proximal pulses.

You respond to a motorcycle accident for a 41 yo man who is unconscious. He has obvious deformity to both lower legs and is bleeding moderately from an open fracture. His airway is open, and he is making gurgling noises. Pulse is rapid and weak. Distal pulses are very weak. You have loaded this patient and are en route to the hospital. You have secured the airway and immobilized the fractures. How often should you reassess his vital signs?

every 5 minutes

Traction splints are used primarily to immobilize and secure fractures of the:

femur

Blood in the urine is known as ____________.

hematuria

A 17-year-old football player collided with another player and has pain to his left clavicular area. He is holding his arm against his chest and refuses to move it. Your assessment reveals obvious deformity to the midshaft clavicle. After assessing distal pulse, sensory, and motor functions, you should:

immobilize the injury with a sling and swathe.

Bones are connected to other bones by bands of tough fibrous tissues called:

ligaments

Signs and symptoms of sprains include all of the following EXCEPT:

marked deformity

Atrophy is a condition that occurs when:

muscle decreases in size and function because of disease or trauma.

A(n) _________ is also known as a hairline fracture.

non-displaced fracture

Of the following musculoskeletal injuries, which is considered to be the LEAST severe?

nondisplaced pelvic fracture

You are called to the local assisted living facility where a 94 yo man has fallen. He is alert and oriented and denies passing out. His respirations are 18/min and regular. Pulse is 106, regular and strong. Distal pulses are present. he states that he was walking, heard a pop, and fell to the floor. You suspect a(n) _________ fracture.

pathologic

Which one of the following is NOT considered one of the 6 Ps of the musculoskeletal system?

peristalsis

When caring for patients who have fallen, you must identify the ______ and the mechanism of injury so that you will not overlook associated injuries.

point of contact

The MOST reliable indicator of an underlying fracture is:

point tenderness.

Although substantial ligament damage always occurs with a knee dislocation, the more urgent injury is to the _________ artery, which is often lacerated or compressed by the displaced tibia.

popliteal

Crepitus and false motion are:

positive indicators of a fracture.

A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you should be MOST suspicious for:

posterior hip dislocation

A "hip" fracture is actually a fracture of the:

proximal femur

A dislocated joint sometimes will spontaneously _________, or return to its normal position.

reduce

When you have applied a traction splint, the last thing that you do is:

secure the patient to a backboard

Which of the following joints allows no motion?

skull sutures

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of splint?

sling

You are called to the local junior high school where a 12 yo boy fell and hurt his wrist. There is obvious deformity. He is alert and oriented. Respirations and pulse are within normal limits. Distal pulse is present. It is important to remember to:

splint in a position of function

A ____________ is a musculoskeletal injury in which there is partial or temporary separation of the bone ends as well as partial stretching or tearing of the supporting ligaments.

sprain

A _________ is the stretching or tearing of the muscle.

strain

Joints are bathed and lubricated by __________ fluid.

synovial

The zone of injury includes all of the following, except ________.

the incident scene

If a dislocated shoulder has spontaneously reduced before your arrival, the only way to confirm the injury is by noting:

the patient history.

You are called to a 16 yo girl who was injured in a basketball game. She is alert and oriented. Her airway is open, and respirations are within normal limits. Her pulse is strong and regular. Distal pulses are present. She states that she felt her ankle pop and immediately became nauseated. You decide to assess neurovascular status. When would you NOT perform the motor test?

when you get a pain response