Chapter 32 Activity G

Cardiac tamponade is a serious life-threatening condition that can arise from a number of other conditions. What is a key diagnostic finding in cardiac tamponade? A. Increase in stroke volume B. Pulsus paradoxus C. Narrowed pulse pressure D. Rise in systolic blood pressure

B. Pulsus paradoxus

Mitral valve prolapse occurs frequently in the population at large. Its treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications of the disorder. Which drug is used in the treatment of mitral valve prolapse to relieve symptoms and aid in preventing complications? A. B-adrenergic blocking drugs B. Calcium channel-blocking drugs C. anti-anxiety drugs D. Broad-spectrum antibiotic drugs

A. B-adrenergic blocking drugs

Angina pectoris is a chronic ischemic coronary artery disease that is characterized by a symptomatic paroxysmal chest pain or pressure sensation associated with transient myocardial ischemia. What precipitates an attack of angina pectoris? A. Exposure to heat. B. Sedentary lifestyle. C. Abrupt change in posture. D. emotional stress.

A. Exposure to heat.

Nearly everyone with pericarditis has chest pain. With acute pericarditis, the pain is abrupt in onset and sharp, and radiates to the neck, back abdomen, or sides. What can be done to ease the pain of acute pericarditis? A. Have patient sit up and lean forward B. Have patient change positions to unaffected side. C. Have patient breathe deeply. D. Have patient swallow slowly and frequently

A. Have patient sit up and lean forward

Unstable, plaque, a condition of atherosclerotic heart disease, occurs in unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Unstable plaque can rupture, causing platelet aggregation and thrombus formation. What are the major determinants of the vulnerability of plaque to rupture? Mark all that apply. A. Size of lipid-rich core. B. Preponderance of smooth muscle cells C. Presence of inflammation D. Decrease in blood pressure and coronary blood flow E. Thickness of fibrous cap

A. Size of lipid-rich core. C. Presence of inflammation E. Thickness of fibrous cap

When an acute myocardial infarction (MI) occurs, many physiological changes occur very rapidly. What causes the loss of contractile function of the heart within seconds of the onset of an MI? A. conversion from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. B. Overproduction of energy capable of sustaining normal myocardial function. C. Conversion from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism. D. Inadequate production of glycogen with mitochondrial shrinkage.

A. conversion from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism.

The diagnosis of chronic stable angina is based on a detailed pain history, the presence of risk factors, invasive and noninvasive studies, and lab studies. What test is not used in the diagnosis of angina? A. serum biocheimcal markers B. Cardiac catheterization C. Echocardiogram D. Nuclear imaging studies

A. serum biocheimcal markers

Unstable angina/non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction is a clinical syndrome that ranges in severity between stable angina to myocardial infarction (MI). It is classified according to its risk of causing an acute MI and is diagnosed based on what? Mark al that apply. A. severity of pain and abruptness of onset B. Serum biomarkers C. Coexisting chronic conditions D. ECG pattern E. Blood flow angiography

A. severity of pain and abruptness of onset D. ECG pattern

St-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) is accompanied by sever, crushing pain. Morphine is the drug of choice used to treat the pain of STEMI when the pain cannot be relieved with oxygen and nitrates. Why is morphine considered the drug of choice in STEMI? A. Action increases autonomic nervous system activity. B. Action decrease metabolic demands of the heart C. Action increases anxiety, thus increasing metabolic demands of heart. D. Action relieves pain and gives sense of depression.

B. Action decrease metabolic demands of the heart

Heart failure in an infant usually manifests itself as tachypnea or dyspnea, both at rest and on exertion. When does this most commonly occur with an infant? A. During bathing B. During feeding. C. During burping D. during sleep

B. During feeding.

It is known that more than 100 distinct myocardial disease can demonstrate clinical features associated with dilated cardiomyopathy DCM. What is the most common identifiable cause of DCM in the US? A. Hepatic cardiomyopathy B. alcoholic cardiomyopathy C. Cardiotoxic cardiomyopathy D. Exercise-induced cardiomyopathy

B. alcoholic cardiomyopathy

During an acute myocardial infarction (MI), there is ischemic damage to the hear muscle. The location and extent of the ischemic damage is the major predictor of complications ranging from cardiac insufficiency to death, following an MI. What is the "window of opportunity" in restoring blood flow to the affected area so as to diminish the ischemic damage to the heart and maintain the viability of the cells? A. 10-20min B. 30-40min C. 20-40min D. 10-30min

C. 20-40min

Tetralogy of Fallow is a congenital condition of the heart that manifests in four distinct abnormalities of the infant heart. It is considered a cyanotic heart defect due to the right to left shunting of the blood through the ventricular septal defect. A hallmark of this condition is the "tet spells" that occur in these children. What is a tet spell? A. A stressful period right after birth that occurs without evidence of cyanosis. B. A hyperoxygenated period when the infant is at rest. C. A hypercyanotic attack brought on by period of stress D. A hyperpneic attack in which the infant loses consciousness.

C. A hypercyanotic attack brought on by period of stress

The scar tissue that occurs between the layers of pericardium becomes rigid and constrictive from scar tissue in constrictive pericarditis. What is a physiologic sign of constrictive pericarditis? A. Kussmaul breathing B. Pulsus paradoxus C. Kussmaul sign D. Widening pulse pressure

C. Kussmaul sign

In infective endocarditis, vegetative lesions grow on the valves of the heart. These vegetative lesions consist of a collection infectious organisms and cellular debris enmeshed in the fibrin strands of clotted blood. What are the possible systemic effects of these vegetative lesions? A. They can block the heart valves from closing completely. B. They can keep the heart valves from opening. C. They can fragment and cause cerebral emboli. D. The can fragment and make lesions larger.

C. They can fragment and cause cerebral emboli.

Antibodies directed against the M protein of certain strains of streptococcal bacterial seem to cross-react with glycoprotein antigens in the heart, joint and other tissues to produce an autoimmune response resulting in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. This occurs through what phenomenon? A. Aschoff reaction B. Sydenham reaction C. C-reactive mimcry D. Molecular mimcry

D. Molecular mimcry

A patient with a suspected myocardial infarction (MI) is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. As the nurse caring for this patient, what lab work would you expect to receive an order for to confirm a diagnosis of MI? A. Creatinine kinase marker B. Complete blood components C. Calcium level D. Troponin level

D. Troponin level

Cardiomyopathies are classified as either primary or secondary. The primary cardiomyopathies are further classified as genetic, mixed, or acquired. Identify the following conditions as genetic, acquired, or mixed.

Hypertropic cardiomyopathy - genetic L ventricular noncompation - genetic Myocarditis - Acquired Dilated cardiomyopathy - Mixed Peripartum cardiomyopathy - Acquired