Chapter 33 - Self-Concept

Robert, who is 2 years old, is praised for using hit potty instead of wetting his pants. This is an example of learning a behavior by: 1. Imitation 2. Substitution 3. Identification 4. Reinforcement-extinction

4. Certain behavior become common depending on whether they are approved and reinforced.

Mrs. Watson has just undergone a radical mastectomy. The nurse is aware that Mrs. Watson will probably have considerable anxiety over: 1. Self-esteem 2. Body image 3. Self-identity 4. Role performance

2. Attitudes toward body image can occur as a result of situational events such as the loss of or change in a body part.

Which developmental stage is particularly crucial for identity development? 1. Infancy 2. Young adult 3. Adolescence 4. Preschool age

3. Adolescence is a particularly critical time when many variables affect self-concept and self-esteem.

Which of the following statements about body image is correct? 1. Body image refers only to the external appearance of a person's body 2. Physical changes are quickly incorporated into a person;s body image 3. Perceptions by other persons have no influence on a person's body image. 4. Body image is a combination of a person's actual and perceived (ideal) body.

4. Involves attitudes related to the body, including physical appearance,structure, or function, which is affected by cognitive and physical development as well as cultural and societal attitudes

A self-concept stressor is any:

A self-concept stressor is any real or perceived change that threatens identity, body image, or role performance.

List the defining characteristics for situational low self-esteem.

Defining characteristics include the person expressing a predominantly negative self-appraisal, including inability to handle situations or events and difficulty making decisions.

Identify the expected outcomes for a self-concept disturbance.

Expected outcomes include nonverbal behaviors indicating positive self-concept, statements of self- acceptance, and acceptance of change in appearance or function.

List some healthy lifestyle measures that support adaptation to stress.

Healthy lifestyle measures include proper nutrition, regular exercise within patient's capabilities, adequate sleep and rest, and stres -reducing practices.

Define self-concept

Self-concept is an individual's view of him- or herself. It is a complex mixture of unconscious and conscious thoughts, attitudes, and perceptions.

Identify the focus of assessing both self-concept and self-esteem.

The focus is on identity, body image, and role performance; actual and potential self-concept stressors and coping patterns (nature, number, and intensity of stressors and internal and external resources).

State the expected outcomes for the nursing diagnosis Situational Low Self-Esteem related to a recent job layoff.

The patient will discuss a minimum of three areas of her life in which he is functioning well. The patient will be able to voice the recognition that losing her job is not reflective of her worth as a person. The patient will attend a support group for out-of-work professionals.

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Self-esteem stressors

a. Example: perceived inability to meet parental expectations, harsh criticism, and inconsistent discipline

Match the following terms. Body image

a. Includes physical appearance, structure, and function of the body

Self-concept is a dynamic perception that is based on the following. (9)

a. Sense of competency b. Perceived reaction of others to one's body c. Ongoing perceptions and interpretation of the thoughts and feelings of others d. Personal and professional relationships e. Academic and employment-related identity f. Personality characteristics g. Perception of events h. Mastery of prior experiences i. Ethnic, racial, and spiritual identity

List five areas the nurse must clarify and assess about him- or herself to promote a positive self-concept in patients. (5)

a. Thoughts and feelings about lifestyle, health, and illness b. Awareness of how one's own nonverbal communication affects patients and families c. Personal values and expectations and how they affect patients d. Ability to convey a nonjudgmental attitude toward patients e. Preconceived attitudes toward cultural differences

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Role strain

b. Example: providing care to a family member with Alzheimer disease

Match the following terms. Role performance

b. The way in which individuals perceive their ability to carry out significant roles

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Role conflict

c. Example: a middle-aged woman with teenage children assuming responsibility for the care of her older parents

Match the following terms. Self-esteem

c. Individual's overall feeling of self-worth

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Body image

d. Amputation, facial disfigurement, or scar from burns

Match the following terms. Identity

d. Internal sense of individuality, wholeness, and consistency of a person over time and in different situations

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Role overload

e. Unsuccessfully attempting to meet the demands of work and family while carving out some personal time

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Role performance

f. Situational transitions

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Identity

g. An adolescent attempting to adjust to the physical, emotional, and mental changes of increasing maturity

Match the following stressors that affect self-concept. Role ambiguity

h. Common in adolescents and employment situations