Chapter 34 Sensory Systems

Beginning with the outer most later on top, rank the structures in which light passes from outside the eye to the photoreceptors of the eye. - Fluid in the eye - Pupil - Lens - Cornea

1. Cornea 2. Pupil 3. Lens 4. Fluid in the eye

Rank the order in which odors are processed from the nose to the brain. - Cerebrum - Olfactory nerve - Olfactory tract - Olfactory bulb - Olfactory receptor

1. Olfactory receptor 2. Olfactory nerve 3. Olfactory bulb 4. Olfactory tract 5. Cerebrum

Tympanic membrane

A fibrous partition located at the inner end of the ear canal and separating the outer ear from the middle ear; also called the eardrum.

Cochlea

A spiral-shaped canal in the inner ear that contains the hearing receptors.

Which of the following are taste sensations detected by taste cells? A. Bitter B. Umami C. Spicy D. Salty E. Sweet F. Sour

A. Bitter B. Umami D. Salty E. Sweet F. Sour

Which of the following are ear changes due to aging? A. Earlobes elongate. B. Cerumen is more moist. C. Hearing is more accurate. D. The eardrum shrinks.

A. Earlobes elongate. D. The eardrum shrinks.

Which structure initiates sound conduction? A. External ear B. Oval window C. Ossicles D. Tympanic cavity E. Cochlea

A. External ear

Which of the following are middle ear bones? A. Incus B. Tympanic cavity C. Malleus D. Labyrinth E. Stapes

A. Incus C. Malleus E. Stapes

Which of the following are eye changes due to aging? A. Reduced depth perception B. Increased visual clarity C. Reduced accommodation D. Increased night vision

A. Reduced depth perception C. Reduced accommodation

Acoustic neuroma is due to a malfunction in the gene responsible for controlling the growth of A. Schwann cells. B. oligodendrocytes. C. axons. D. auditory hair cells.

A. Schwann cells.

The function of the middle ear ossicles is to A. amplify sound. B. produce nerve impulses. C. convert sound energy to chemical energy. D. decrease sound intensity.

A. amplify sound.

Taste buds are made of taste cells and supporting cells. The taste cells are classified as A. chemoreceptors. B. mechanoreceptors. C. thermoreceptors. D. osmoreceptors. E. photoreceptors.

A. chemoreceptors.

The middle layer of the eye includes the A. choroid. B. ciliary body. C. aqueous humor. D. iris. E. retina.

A. choroid. B. ciliary body. D. iris.

The external ear is composed of the A. external auditory canal. B .cochlea. C. eustachian tube. D. auricle.

A. external auditory canal. D. auricle.

The visual accessory organs that assist and protect the eyeball include the A. eyebrows. B. lacrimal apparatus. C. optic nerve. D. conjunctiva. E. orbits. F. choroid.

A. eyebrows. B. lacrimal apparatus. D. conjunctiva. E. orbits.

The inner ear infections labyrinthitis is also known as A. otitis interna. B. otitis media. C. otosclerosis. D. otitis externa.

A. otitis interna.

If bone conduction is normal, a hearing problem likely involves the A. outer ear. B. cochlear duct. C. inner ear. D. tympanic cavity.

A. outer ear. D. tympanic cavity.

Cerumen impaction may be caused by A. overactive ceruminous glands. B. improper cleaning of the ear canal. C. presbycusis. D. otitis media and externa.

A. overactive ceruminous glands. B. improper cleaning of the ear canal.

Each eyeball has _____ extrinsic eye muscles attached to it that move the eyeball superiorly, inferiorly, laterally, or medially. A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 4

B. 6

______ are mucous membranes that line the inner surfaces of the eyelids and cover the anterior surface of the eyeball. A. Fibrous tunics B. Conjunctivas C. Anterior chambers D. Lacrimal glands

B. Conjunctivas

______ is a condition caused by decreased oil production in the tears. A. Presbyopia B. Dry eye syndrome C. Nystagmus D. Entropion E. Retinal detachment

B. Dry eye syndrome

Which of the following conditions is hearing loss due to old age? A. Tympanitis B. Presbycusis C. Presbyopia D. Otosclerosis

B. Presbycusis

______ are light-sensing nerve cells in the eye, at the posterior of the retina, that function in dim light but do not provide sharp images or detect color. A. Ciliary bodies B. Rods C. Irises D. Cones

B. Rods

Which of the following conditions occurs when neural structures associated with the ear are damaged. Neural structures include hearing receptors and the auditory nerve? A. Acoustic neuroma B. Sensorineural deafness C. Otosclerosis D. Conductive deafness

B. Sensorineural deafness

______ is abnormal ringing in the ear. A. Otitis media B. Tinnitus C. Vertigo D. Cerumen impaction

B. Tinnitus

Clouding and hardening of the lens, which often occur with aging, lead to visual changes in a condition known as A. glaucoma. B. cataracts. C. hyperopia. D. presbyopia.

B. cataracts.

Cerumen is commonly known as A. aqueous humor. B. earwax. C. endolymph. D. mucus fluid.

B. earwax

When there is an accumulation of aqueous humor, a person develops a visual condition known as A. retinal detachment. B. glaucoma. C. cataracts. D. presbyopia.

B. glaucoma.

Which part of the brain processes information about taste? A. thermoreceptors B. gustatory cortex C. chemoreceptors D. mechanoreceptors

B. gustatory cortex

The function of the vitreous humor is to A. provide nutrients to the retina. B. help maintain the eye's shape. C. provide nutrients to the cornea. D. keep the retina flat.

B. help maintain the eye's shape. D. keep the retina flat.

The inner layer the eye consists of the A. optic nerve. B. retina. C. vitreous humor. D. choroid.

B. retina.

_______ often results from the spread of an upper respiratory infection from the throat into the eustachian tube. A. Acoustic neuroma B. Otitis externa C. Otitis media D. Cerumen impaction

C. Otitis media

______ occurs when the neural tunic separates from the vascular tunic. A. Vertigo B. Astigmatism C. Retinal detachment D. Meniere's disease

C. Retinal detachment

______ is a process in which a chemical can stimulate receptors only for a limited amount of time until the receptors eventually no longer respond to the chemical. A. Sensory teaching B. Visual accommodation C. Sensory adaptation D. Sensory integration

C. Sensory adaptation

What is located on each taste bud that is responsible for transmitting taste sensations to the cranial nerves in the brain? A. Adrenal cortex B. Papillae C. Sensory nerves D. Gustatory cortex

C. Sensory nerves

What is located on each taste bud that is responsible for transmitting taste sensations to the cranial nerves in the brain? A. Papillae B. Gustatory cortex C. Sensory nerves D. Adrenal cortex

C. Sensory nerves

The anterior chamber of the eye is filled with a watery fluid called A. plasma. B. vitreous humor. C. aqueous humor. D. tears.

C. aqueous humor.

When sound waves of different volumes and frequencies activate the hearing receptors in the cochlea, they send their information to ______ nerves. A. trochlear B. accessory C. auditory D. vestibular

C. auditory

A sign or symptom of astigmatism is A. dry eyes. B. night blindness. C. blurred vision. D. retinal detachment.

C. blurred vision

Olfactory receptors are A. photoreceptors. B. proprioceptors. C. chemoreceptors. D. mechanoreceptors.

C. chemoreceptors.

The ______ is a transparent area on the front of the eye that acts as a window to let light into the eye. A. choroid B. vitreous humor C. cornea D. iris

C. cornea

The ______, located on the lateral edge of each eyeball, produces tears. A. conjunctiva B. nasolacrimal duct C. lacrimal gland D. lacrimal sac

C. lacrimal gland

The enzyme present in tears that aids in destroying bacteria is A. immunoglobulin. B. peroxidase. C. lysozyme. D. lysosome. E. peroxisome.

C. lysozyme.

The muscle of the eyelid responsible for blinking and squinting is the A. superior oblique. B. orbicularis oris. C. orbicularis oculi. D. superior rectus.

C. orbicularis oculi.

Immobilization or hardening of the stapes is known as A. presbycusis. B. ossicles. C. otosclerosis. D. otitis media.

C. otosclerosis.

The stapes is attached to the ______ of the inner ear. A. round window B. semicircular canals C. oval window D. cochlea

C. oval window

The inner layer the eye consists of the A. choroid. B. vitreous humor. C. retina. D. optic nerve.

C. retina.

The ______ is the tough, outermost layer, or "white," of the eye, through which light cannot pass. It covers all except the front of the eye. A. conjunctiva B. cornea C. sclera D. iris E. extrinsic eye muscle

C. sclera

The largest sense organ is the A. eye. B. nose. C. skin. D. tongue. E. ear.

C. skin.

Otosclerosis is often accompanied by a. vertigo. B. acoustic neuroma. C. tinnitus. D. cerumen impaction.

C. tinnitus.

Entropion

Characterized by an inversion (turning outside-in) of the lower eyelid.

The causes of ectropion are A. increased tear production. B. alcohol and drug use. C. fluid seeping between the layers of the retina. D. aging.

D. aging.

A wedge-shaped thickening in the middle layer of the eyeball that contains the muscles that control the shape of the lens is the A. optic disk. B. scleral venous sinus. C. iris. D. ciliary body.

D. ciliary body.

The ______ protects the eye from foreign objects, dust, and debris and keeps the eye from drying out. A. nasolacrimal duct B. sclera C. limbus D. eyelid

D. eyelid

The conjunctivas produce _______, which keep the surface of the eyeballs moist. A. plasmas B. vitreous humors C. tears D. mucus

D. mucus

Labyrinth

The inner ear.

Conjunctiva

The protective membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the anterior of the sclera, or the white of the eye.

Umami produces a ______ taste. A. savory B. spicy C. salty D. bitter E. sweet

A. savory

Which of the following is a disorder of the equilibrium characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, and progressive hearing loss? A. Meniere's disease B. Acoustic neuroma C. Otitis media D. Otosclerosis

A. Meniere's disease

The factors that can lead to presbycusis include A. prolonged exposure to loud noise. B. blockage of the eustachian tube. C. loss of hair cells in the cochlea. D. damage to the vestibular nerve.

A. prolonged exposure to loud noise. C. loss of hair cells in the cochlea.

If bone conduction is normal, a hearing problem likely involves the A. tympanic cavity. B. inner ear. C. outer ear. D. cochlear duct.

A. tympanic cavity. C. outer ear.

The ______ separates the external ear from the middle ear. A. tympanic membrane B. eustachian tube C. oval window D. ossicle

A. tympanic membrane

The special senses are A. vision. B. equilibrium. C. hearing. D. smell. E. taste. F. touch.

A. vision. B. equilibrium. C. hearing. D. smell. E. taste.

The condition in which the cornea has an abnormal shape and causes blurred images during near or distant vision is A. accommodation. B. astigmatism. C. hyperopia. D. emmetropia. E. myopia.

B. astigmatism.

Sound waves are conducted through the bones of the skull by way of A. frontal conduction B. bone conduction C. parietal conduction D. occipital conduction

B. bone conduction

The process by which sound waves pass through the bones of the skull directly to the inner ear, bypassing the outer and middle ears, is called A. amplification of sound. B. bone conduction. C. sensorineural deafness. D. conductive deafness.

B. bone conduction.

Chemicals that activate olfactory receptors must be dissolved in the A. saliva of the mouth. B. mucus of the nose. C. intracellular fluid. D. plasma of the blood.

B. mucus of the nose.

The ______ nerve carries visual information from the eye to the brain. A. olfactory B. optic C. vagus D. auditory

B. optic

Common signs and symptoms of dry eye syndrome include A. eversion of eyelids. B. redness. C. itching. D. burning. E. blindness.

B. redness. C. itching. D. burning.

The outer layer of the eye is composed of the A. optic nerve. B. sclera. C. cornea. D. choroid. E. retina.

B. sclera. C. cornea.

The inner ear contains A. the tympanic cavity. B. semicircular canals. C. the cochlea. D. the vestibule.

B. semicircular canals. C. the cochlea. D. the vestibule.

The round shape of the eyeball is maintained by the gel-like A. aqueous humor. B. vitreous humor. C. tears. D. endolymph.

B. vitreous humor.

Signs and symptoms of retinal detachment include A. drying of the conjunctiva . B. wavy vision. C. light flashes. D. sudden loss of vision.

B. wavy vision. C. light flashes. D. sudden loss of vision.

Which of the following is a type of hearing loss that occurs when sound waves cannot be directed through the ear? Most types are temporary. A. Presbycusis B. Sensorineural deafness C. Conductive deafness D. Otosclerosis

C. Conductive deafness

Which of the following are eye changes due to aging? A. Increased tear production B. Increased pupil size C. Drier conjunctiva D. Corneal yellowing E. Drooping eyelids

C. Drier conjunctiva D. Corneal yellowing E. Drooping eyelids

Taste buds are microscopic structures on the A. olfactory epithelium. B. superior concha. C. lingual tonsils. D. papillae.

D. papillae.

In bright light the _______ becomes constricted, and in dim light it becomes dilated. A. lens B. cornea C. sclera D. pupil

D. pupil

The extrinsic eye muscles are composed of ________ muscle. A. visceral B. smooth C. skeletal and smooth D. skeletal

D. skeletal

Otosclerosis is often accompanied by A. vertigo. B. acoustic neuroma. C. cerumen impaction. D. tinnitus.

D. tinnitus.

The equilibrium receptors of the inner ear send information along ______ nerves to the cerebrum for interpretation. A. trigeminal B. cochlear C. vagus D. vestibular

D. vestibular

The posterior chamber of the eye is filled with a thick, jellylike fluid called A. aqueous humor. B. endolymph. C. plasma. D. vitreous humor. E. cerebral spinal fluid.

D. vitreous humor.

Astigmatism

Occurs when the lens has an abnormal shape or the cornea is unevenly curved. Causes blurred images near or distant vision.

Ossicles

Small bones; specifically, one of the bones of the tympanic cavity or middle ear.

Semicircular canals

Structures in the inner ear that help a person maintain balance; each of the three canals is positioned at right angles to the other two.

Papillae

The "bumps" of the tongue in which the taste buds are found.

Vestibule

The area in the inner ear between the semicircular canals and the cochlea.

Ectropion

The eversion (turning inside-out) of the lower eyelid.

Retina

The inner layer of the eye; contains light-sensing nerve cells.

Auricle

The outside part of the ear, made of cartilage and covered with skin.

Nystagmus

rapid, involuntary eye movements