Chapter 39 & 40 Pathophysiology Quizzes

The male reproductive system is comprised of two systems. The nurse knows that which system is responsible for the transportation and storage of sperm?

Ductile system

A nurse is performing a genital examination on a male client who develops an erection. Which of the following is the nurse's most appropriate intervention?

reassure the client that this is a normal response and continue with the examination

Two nursing students are debating the merits and demerits of infant circumcision. Which of the following statements is most accurate?

"Circumcised men tend to have a lower incidence of penile cancer."

A female patient with a strong family history of cardiovascular disease asks the nurse if she should take estrogen replacement while in menopause. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"Estrogen has additional cardioprotective actions and you and your physician should determine if this would benefit you."

A nurse suspects an elderly client is experiencing benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following questions should the nurse ask this client?

"Has the force of your urinary stream decreased?"

The nurse is teaching a patient with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) about the condition. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates a need for further instruction?

"I developed this as a result of a sexually transmitted infection."

A patient informs the nurse that he has been having difficulty sustaining an erection. Which of the following statements made by the patient demonstrates to the nurse that the patient understands what a contributing factor to his erectile dysfunction is?

"I should stop smoking cigarettes. I have been smoking for 20 years."

A nurse is teaching a class about the proper way to insert an indwelling catheter. Which of the following statements made by one of the students would demonstrate that the teaching has been effective?

"I will insert the catheter into the urethra."

What should the nurse teach the client about assessing for possible breast cancer?

"Perform monthly self-breast exams after menses."

A female patient informs the nurse that she is having hot flashes on occasion, has trouble sleeping, and thinks that she is having some symptoms of menopause. The patient asks the nurse how long these symptoms will last prior to experiencing menopause. Which of the following is the best response?

"Perimenopause can precede menopause by approximately 4 years."

During a group prenatal class, the nurse teaching the course is explaining the thinning of the cervix that accompanies the stages of labor leading up to delivery. A participant admits that she is not familiar with either the location or normal role of the cervix. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate?

"The cervix is the opening between the uterus and the vagina and so it opens wide during the lead-up to birth."

The parents of a baby born with hypospadias ask the nurse if the baby can be circumcised. The best response would be:

"The circumcision will not be done now; the foreskin is needed for surgical repair."

A male client is diagnosed with an inguinal hernia. Which statement by the client indicates that the nurse's teaching about the hernia has been effective?

"The hernia is a loop of bowel protruding through a weak spot in my abdominal muscles."

A pregnant patient asks the nurse what is causing her lower leg edema, nausea, and constipation that she is experiencing. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"The increase in progesterone during pregnancy is most likely the cause of these discomforts."

After an office visit with her primary health provider, a female patient with an elevated CA-125 test result asks the nurse if that means she has ovarian cancer. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"The test is not specific for ovarian cancer but suggests further evaluation to find the cause of the elevation."

An older adult female comes in to the clinic for her yearly gynecology appointment and informs the nurse that she is having pain when having intercourse with her spouse. The patient has been postmenopausal for at least 5 years. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

"This is caused by a decrease in estrogen levels, but there are things that you may be able to use to help."

The nurse is teaching a female client who has been prescribed hormone therapy. The client asks,, "What does this medication do?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"This medication will help relieve hot flashes and other adverse symptoms of menopause."

A 68 year-old man has revealed to his care provider that he is distraught over his increasingly frequent inability to maintain an erection. Which of the following teaching points is most warranted?

"While this problem is often a part of the aging process, it might be a result of some of the medications that you take."

A 70-year-old male tells the health care provider he is now in a relationship with a younger woman who is capable of reproduction. The client asks if he may still be fertile. The best response would be:

"Yes; some 80- and 90-year-old men have been known to father children."

The nurse is caring for a forty-eight-year-old female client who asks, "How do you know when you have reached menopause?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You are considered to be menopausal when you have not menstruated for a full year and the hormone that fluctuates with menstruation no longer fluctuates."

The nurse is teaching a group of fifth-grade girls about menstruation. One of the students asks, "Will I have periods the rest of my life?" Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"You will have periods until you are about 48 to 55 years of age."

When a woman asks the nurse at what age menopause usually occurs, what should the nurse respond?

48 to 55 years of age

Which of the following female patients is at risk for amenorrhea?

18-year-old with anorexia nervosa

The nurse suspects which of the following female clients may be at risk for infertility?

A long distance runner

A nurse practitioner has a 30-year-old male patient presenting with fever/chills, urinary frequency/urgency and pain with urination. A urine sample displays cloudy and foul-smelling urine. During digital rectal exam of the prostate, the nurse notes a thick white discharge. A likely diagnosis would be which of the following?

Acute bacterial prostatitis requiring antimicrobial therapy

What is a primary intervention for the nurse to implement for a client with pelvic inflammatory disease ?

Administer antibiotic therapy

While the cause of BPH is unknown, we do know that the incidence of BPH increases with age. What ethnic group is BPH highest in?

African American

A male client seeks treatment for erectile dysfunction. What factors contribute to this condition? Select all that apply

Age 65 years Cardiovascular disease Antihypertensive medications

A female client with anorexia nervosa tells the nurse that she has been experiencing amenorrhea. The nurse is aware that this is a result of:

Alteration of critical body fat-to-muscle ratio needed for menses to occur

The nurse is re-enforcing information given to the client who is asking about screening for prostrate cancer. Which of these will be nurse teach the client about the PSA test?

An elevated score on a PSA test does not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer.

Select the structure primarily responsible for the secretions of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin.

Anterior pituitary gland

A female client's assessment identifies symptoms of dyspareunia and burning. The nurse is aware that the client may have developed:

Atrophic vaginitis

A male patient has experienced a forceful hit to the testes. The nurse expects that the sensory nerves that transmit pain impulses are associated with which nervous system?

Autonomic nervous system

A woman of child-bearing age asks the nurse about a natural method to avoid pregnancy. What is an appropriate response?

Avoid sex when cervical mucus is most stretchy

The nurse is speaking with a couple at the fertility clinic about ways to increase sperm counts. Which of these does the nurse include in the discussion?

Avoid tight undergarments

Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinomas presently differently. The nurse is aware of which of the following differences?

BPH is commonly located in the periurethral zone of the prostate, while prostate cancers are commonly located in the peripheral zones of the prostate.

A male patient who is in his 60s comes to the clinic for his yearly checkup. After examining the patient, the physician informs him that he has an overgrowth of mucosal glands of the prostate. Based solely on this finding, what diagnosis should the nurse suspect in this case?

Benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

The anatomy of the prostate gland is made up of three concentric areas surrounding the prostatic uretha, into which they open. The nurse understands that an overgrowth of the mucosal glands can cause which disorder in older men?

Benign prostatic hypertrophy

A client asks the gynecologist what gland is responsible for urethral lubrication during male sexual stimulation. The best response would be:

Bulbourethral glands

There are many cancers of the female reproductive system. The nursing student knows that the most readily detected and most easily cured if detected early is which of the following?

Cervical

Epididymitis can be sexually transmitted, or it can be caused by a variety of other reasons, including abnormalities in the genitourinary tract. What are the most common causes of epididymitis in young men without underlying genitourinary disease?

Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorhoeae

The pediatric nurse is caring for a newborn with hypospadias. The mother requests that a circumcision be performed prior to discharge. Which information related to treatment of hypospadias should the nurse convey?

Circumcision is avoided as the foreskin will be used to repair the urinary opening.

A nurse is performing a genital examination on a 25-year-old man client. The nurse notes pigmented, wrinkled scrotal skin. Based on this information, what should the nurse do next?

Consider this a normal finding and proceed with the examination.

Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse. The nurse knows that there may be many causes of erectile dysfunction, and a psychogenic cause would include which of the following?

Depression

A client who has been diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) asks if there is anything to help alleviate the symptoms. The best response would be:

Eat a diet low in simple sugars and high in protein

The nurse working in a fertility clinic is assessing a patient's risk for fallopian tube obstruction. Which one of the following places the woman at greatest risk?

Endometriosis

In the complex interaction of the sexual act in males, the nurse is aware that there are four stages involved. Which of the following stages involves shunting of blood into the corpus cavernosum?

Erection

The nurse is caring for a client with cancer of the scrotum. When performing a health history, which of these does the nurse explore as risks for this type of malignancy?

Exposure to tar and soot

The endocrine system is highly involved in the female reproductive system. Which hormones are used to stimulate the primordial follicles?

FSH and LH

A nurse educator is explaining the process of sexual intercourse, fertilization, and fetal development to a high school biology class. What process should the nurse describe?

Fertilization in the outer portion of the fallopian tube

A female patient informs the nurse that she had intercourse yesterday evening and is wondering if she could become pregnant. She asks the nurse that if she was pregnant, where it would be located at present. Which of the following should the nurse tell the patient?

Fertilization normally occurs in the middle to outer portion of the Fallopian tube.

The fallopian tubes are narrow tubes that attach bilaterally to the uterus. Within the fallopian tube, fertilization of the ovum takes place. The end of the fallopian tube nearest the ovary is funnel-like. What are the fringed, finger-like projections around the funnel-shaped opening of the fallopian tube called?

Fimbriae

Of the following list of medications, which would likely be prescribed to a patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as a way to decrease the prostate size by blocking the effects of androgens on the prostate?

Finasteride (Proscar), a 5a-reductase inhibitor

Events in the ovulatory cycle progress in a similar manner each month. Place the following events in the ovulatory cycle in the correct chronological order. Use all the options.

Formation of the theca. Formation of the corpus luteum Formation of the antral follicle Development of the zona pellicuda Bursting of the mature follicle

A male patient is admitted with a spinal injury that has damaged his sacral plexus. The nurse understands that this type of injury could affect the impulse stimulation for initiating the sexual act through which of the following?

Glans penis

A school nurse is providing an informational session about the prevention of cervical cancer in young girls and women. The most important information for the nurse to present would be:

HPV vaccine before becoming sexually active

A patient comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that he was playing soccer and was kicked in the scrotal area on the right side. The nurse observes that the scrotal skin on the right side is dark red. Which of the following should the nurse suspect this patient may have?

Hematocele

The nurse is assessing a client with a collection of blood in the tunica vaginalis of the scrotum. How does the nurse correctly document this in the medical record?

Hematocele

Select the factor that would increase a male's risk for the development of testicular cancer.

History of cryptorchidism

A 29 year-old woman has been trying for many months to become pregnant, and fertilization has just occurred following her most recent ovulation. What process will now occur that will differentiate this ovulatory cycle from those prior?

Human chorionic gonadotropin will be produced, preventing luteal regression.

There are two types of vulvar cancer. One type is found in older women, and one type is found in younger women, generally less than 40 years of age. What is the type found in younger women thought to be caused by?

Human papillomavirus

The mother of a 5-year-old boy brings him into the clinic because there is a firm feeling swelling around one of his testes. What would the suspected diagnosis be?

Hydrocele

A 54-year-old diabetic patient has come to the urology clinic complaining of erectile dysfunction. His history includes obesity, coronary artery disease which required CABG three years ago, hypertension, and gout. The nurse practitioner is reviewing his record in order to prescribe medication. The practitioner is considering prescribing sildenafil (Viagra). Which of the following home medications is contraindicated if taken concurrently with sildenofil?

Imdur (isosorbide mononitrate), a vasodilator

A patient is admitted with a prolonged and painful erection that has lasted longer than four hours. The nurse knows that this is a true urologic emergency, and that the cause is which of the following?

Impaired blood flow in the corpora cavernosa of the penis

An older male patient complains of inhibited sexual functioning. The nurse knows which of the following nursing diagnoses could be a priority for his inhibited sexual function?

Impaired self-esteem

A male client has developed priapism. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for:

Impotence

The ovaries secrete both estrogen and progesterone. What is one function of progesterone in the body?

Increases body temperature at ovulation

Which of the following are the clinical manifestations of decreased levels of testosterone?

Infertility Decreased testicular size Decreased sexual energy

A male client reports sudden pain and a bulging in the scrotal sac after lifting a heavy object. The swelling does not reduce when the client is supine and he begins to sweat profusely. What condition is the likely cause of these manifestations?

Inguinal hernia

The community health nurse is conducting a men's health class. Which of these does the nurse relate as the major role of the prostate?

It increases sperm motility.

The parents of a 9-year-old child ask the nurse for information about quadrivalent human papillomavirus recombinant vaccine (Gardasil) vaccine. Which of the following instructions are appropriate for the nurse to provide? Select all that apply.

It should be given before the child is sexually active. It prevents a common cause of cervical cancer. It can be given to boys and girls.

During the female menstrual cycle hormones are produced and excreted by various reproductive organs. The hormone progesterone is secreted and is metabolized in which of the following organs?

Liver

The ovaries have a dual function. The nurse is able to explain to the patient that any problems with the ovaries frequently cause which of the following problems?

Menstrual and fertility problems

A patient is diagnosed with vulvar carcinoma, which appears as an inconspicuous thickening of the skin resembling eczema or dermatitis and may produce few symptoms other than pruritus, local discomfort, and exudation. The nurse understands that the cancer metastasizes readily through which mode?

Multiple lymph channels

A 20 year old female has come to the clinic complaining of severe menstrual cramps. The clinic nurse practitioner knows that dysmenorrhea occurs when which muscle group contracts?

Myometrium.

Which of the following manifestations will the nurse expect a woman with nonproliferative fibrocystic breast changes to report? Select all that apply.

Nodular or lumpy breast tissue Tenderness during the luteal phase

A female patient is being seen in the ED with complaints of lower abdominal pain, dyspareunia, back pain, purulent cervical discharge, and the presence of adnexal tenderness and painful cervix on bimanual pelvic examination. The nurse suspects the patient has pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and will assess the patient for which of the following?

Number of sexual partners

Which of these complications does the nurse recognize may occur after illness with parotitis (mumps)in young men?

Orchitis with residual sterility

An older postmenopausal adult female fractured her left femoral head. She has sustained several fractures in the past 4 years and has been taking calcium and vitamin D supplements. Which of the following is a common problem that this patient is most likely suffering from?

Osteoporosis

A patient has been diagnosed with a Bartholin gland cyst. The nurse expects the patient may experience which symptoms if this becomes infected?

Pain, tenderness, and dyspareunia

The nurse knows that which of the following structures are a part of the male reproductive system? Select all that apply.

Pair of gonads Seminiferous tubules Prostate gland

Sperm production by the testes is optimal at 2°C to 3°C below body temperature. Two systems of the body maintain the temperature of the testes at a level that allows sperm production. What is the system that assists in maintaining the testes at a temperature that allows sperm production?

Pampiniform plexus

A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has undergone corrective surgery for cryptorchidism. The most important information for the nurse to provide is:

Parents should be taught that their child needs frequent follow-up visits.

As women age they tend to lack support of breast tissue. The nurse understands that development of which of the following muscles supports the breast mass higher on the chest wall?

Pectoralis muscles

A client has been diagnosed with endometriosis. What assessment finding does the nurse expect? Select all that apply.

Premenstrual pain Back pain Pelvic pain

The nurse is assessing a client with a history of erectile dysfunction (ED) who is requesting a prescription for treatment. When assessing for additional information related to causes of ED, for which of these does the nurse question the client?

Presence of arterial occlusive disease

A client asks the nurse what hormone is responsible for temperature elevation that occurs with ovulation. The best response would be:

Progesterone

The nurse is caring for a pregnant client who is experiencing morning sickness. The nurse understands that which of the following is responsible for many of the common discomforts of pregnancy?

Progesterone

Which hormone is responsible for breast development and the increase in body temperature that occurs with ovulation?

Progesterone

Which statements regarding prostate cancer are true? Select all that apply.

Prognosis has improved because of PSA diagnostic screenings. African American males are at highest risk for developing the disease. Age is a risk factor of this cancer.

The nurse is caring for a female client who has just given birth. The nurse knows that the hormone responsible for the client's ability to breastfeed is which of the following?

Prolactin

The nurse in the urology unit teaches is teaching about medication to treat erectile dysfunction. The nurse teaches the client that the mechanism of action of most of these medications is which of these?

Promotes increase in blood flow to the corporus cavernosa

The nurse is teaching a high school student about male sexual function. Which of these organs contains the muscle that promotes semen expulsion during ejaculation?

Prostate gland

A nurse who works on a urology--gynecology ward of a hospital is coming on shift and will be caring for a 34-year-old woman who has been admitted overnight for the treatment of endometriosis. Which interventions should the nurse most realistically anticipate providing over the course of the shift and the next several days?

Providing pain control; preparing the client for a laparoscopic procedure or hysterectomy

Sperm production occurs in the seminiferous tubules. The nurse understands the anatomy of the testes and knows that as the tubules lead into the efferent ducts, the seminiferous tubules become which of the following structures?

Rete testis

Select the structure responsible for secreting fructose that will provide energy for spermatic motility.

Seminal Vessicles

An older man is concerned about his sexual dysfunction. The nurse knows which of the following can cause erectile dysfunction? Select all that apply.

Side effects of medications Cardiovascular disease Hyperlipidemia

The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about the purpose of the testes. Which of these best describe the function of the male gonads?

Spermatogenesis

The nurse conducting a health promotion class for teenage boys on human reproduction determines that the participants are understanding the information when they state:

Spermatogenesis continues throughout a man's reproductive years.

The gonads of the female have a dual function. Which of the following is a function of the female gonads?

Storing female germ cells

A client tells the nurse that her mother recently passed from ovarian cancer. The client asks why the survival rate from ovarian cancer is so low. The best response would be:

Symptoms of ovarian cancer are nonspecific and therefore difficult to interpret.

Which of the following is the most important discharge instruction for a female patient with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

Take all of the antibiotic

A 14-year-old boy has been brought to the emergency department by his mother in excruciating pain that is radiating from his scrotum to his inguinal area. The boy's heart rate is 122 beats per minute and he has vomited twice before arrival at the hospital. Examination reveals that his scrotum is reddened and slightly swollen and the testes are firm to touch and tender, with extensive cremaster muscle contraction noted. What is the boy's most likely diagnosis?

Testicular torsion

The nursing instructor is teaching the class about the male hormone testosterone. Which of the following statements made by a student indicates a need for further instruction?

Testosterone does not have any effect on development of increased musculature during puberty

The nurse is discussing the menstrual cycle with a female client. The client asks, "Why does my side hurt half way through my monthly cycle almost every month? The nurse suspects the cause of the pain may be which of the following?

The client has a leakage of blood onto the peritoneal surface after ovulation has occurred.

A nursing student is studying pathophysiology as part of her nursing curriculum. Which of the following statements made by the student indicates a need for further instruction?

The male testes are located inside the abdominal cavity.

The nurse is caring for a client with significant benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)and hydronephrosis who is fearful of having corrective surgery. Which of these is important for the nurse to convey?

The obstruction is causing urine to flow backward and cause kidney dysfunction.

The perimetrium reflects over the bladder wall and forms what?

The pouch of Douglas

A male patient is being prepared for a physical examination of his prostate gland. How will the nurse explain the location of the prostate gland?

The prostate gland is located in the pelvis, inferior to the bladder.

A nurse educator is explaining male reproductive physiology during grand rounds and is referring to the process of spermatogenesis. Where does spermatogenesis occur?

The seminiferous tubules

The nursing student is studying the structure and function of the female reproductive system. The student wants to know why the urinary system is included in the content. The best reason for inclusion of the information is which of the following?

The urethra and the vagina, although two separate openings, exist in close proximity.

A female patient is taking antibiotics to treat a skin infection and informs the nurse that she does not think the antibiotics are working because now she thinks she has a vaginal infection. Which of the following does the nurse believe has occurred due to the antibiotic use?

The use of the antibiotics decreases the number of lactobacilli in the vagina, which can result in a vaginal infection.

The nurse is caring for a baby with phimosis. Which of these does the nurse explain to the mother is the key feature of this disorder?

Tightening of the foreskin preventing full retraction over the penis

Circumcision is avoided in infants who have hypospadias so that the foreskin can be used for surgical repair.

True

The nurse is performing a health history of a patient being evaluated for erectile dysfunction. Which of the following places the patient at highest risk for the disorder?

Type 2 diabetes

The nurse is reviewing the history of an older adult female client who was recently diagnosed with coronary heart disease. What factors are known to contribute to this condition? Select all that apply.

Used hormone therapy for 5 years Smoked 1 pack/day for 20 years Has hypertension for 15 years

The nurse is checking the pH of a client's vagina tissue and finds the pH to be 4.3. The nurse interprets this finding as:

normal.

The nurse is explaining the process of conception to a group of middle-school students and points out that fertilization occurs:

in the middle to outer portion of the fallopian tube.

The cremaster muscles work in concert with the pampiniform plexus that surrounds the testicular artery to:

maintain testicular temperature

A surgeon is explaining the anatomical structures of the penis during grand rounds. During his explanation the surgeon states that the cremaster muscles work in concert with the pampiniform plexus that surrounds the testicular artery to:

maintain testicular temperature.

The nurse is caring for a client with lichen simplex chronicus. What assessment finding does the nurse expect?

Gray-white plaques with an irregular surface

The prostate gland functions in the elimination of urine. The nurse knows that the prostate gland if enlarged can cause which dysfunction of the urinary system?

Obstruction

With the aging male, many changes are measurable. The measurable changes in the reproductive system of the older male are particularly attributable to which hormone?

Testosterone hormone

A client who had been utilizing pharmacologic management for BPH is now experiencing severe signs of obstruction. The client would most likely require:

Transurethral prostatectomy