Chapter 4

Exposure from radioactive material fallout is reduced by about: Select one: a. 90 percent at a level belowground. b. 40 percent at a level belowground. c. 80 percent at a level belowground. d. 60 percent at a level belowground.

a. 90 percent at a level belowground.

Which is a characteristic of hydrocarbons? Select one: a. All hydrocarbons are either flammable or combustible. b. Most hydrocarbons are nontoxic. c. Most hydrocarbons sink in water. d. All hydrocarbons are soluble in water.

a. All hydrocarbons are either flammable or combustible.

What type of radiation is capable of penetrating the skin and causing radiation damage, but is generally more hazardous when inhaled or ingested? Select one: a. Beta particles b. Neutron particles c. Alpha particles d. Gamma particles

a. Beta particles

Which type of ionizing radiation has smaller particles that can travel several yards in the air and can penetrate intact skin? Select one: a. Beta particles b. Neutron particles c. Alpha particles d. Gamma particles

a. Beta particles

Which type of chemical warfare agent interferes with the body's ability to use oxygen and includes hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride? Select one: a. Blood agents b. Choking agents c. Nerve agents d. Blister agents/vesicants

a. Blood agents

Which type of chemical warfare agent primarily attacks and damages the respiratory tract? Select one: a. Choking agents b. Blood agents c. Nerve agents d. Blister agents/vesicants

a. Choking agents

For which class of fire will the use of water or water-based agents cause the fire to react violently and emit bits of molten metal? Select one: a. Class D b. Class K c. Class B d. Class A

a. Class D

What is the first priority if a suicide bomber is suspected? Select one: a. Clear and isolate the area b. Shelter-in-place c. Remove the suspect from the area d. Set up triage and medical staging areas

a. Clear and isolate the area

Which would be an indicator of a package or letter bomb? Select one: a. Excessive postage b. Contains bill of lading c. Package must be signed for d. Packing slip on the outside

a. Excessive postage

Which type of chemical warfare agent is considered the most dangerous? Select one: a. Nerve agents b. Choking agents c. Blood agents d. Blister agents/vesicants

a. Nerve agents

Where would you expect to find neutron radiation? Select one: a. Nuclear power plants b. Mining operations c. Manufacturing facilities d. Electric power plants

a. Nuclear power plants

What type of hazardous materials are commonly used as catalysts and/or initiators for a polymerization reaction? Select one: a. Organic peroxides b. Air-reactive materials c. Aromatics d. Water-reactive materials

a. Organic peroxides

Which is an umbrella term for a family of chemicals designed to kill specific target organisms? Select one: a. Pesticides b. Biological toxins c. Nerve agents d. Blister agents

a. Pesticides

What is the most common type of IED found in the United States? Select one: a. Pipe bomb b. Box bomb c. Plastic bottle bomb d. Grenade

a. Pipe bomb

Which type of material is used in residential smoke detectors, medical diagnostic imaging and industrial food preservation? Select one: a. Radioactive materials b. Organic peroxides c. Inorganic peroxides d. Corrosives

a. Radioactive materials

What is a specialized type of bacteria that is spread via arthropod vectors? Select one: a. Rickettsia b. Toxins c. Viruses d. Fungi

a. Rickettsia

Which type of chemical warfare agent causes temporary incapacitation by irritating the eyes and respiratory system? Select one: a. Riot control agents b. Blister agents c. Nerve agents d. Blood agents

a. Riot control agents

What are called main charge explosives because they do the bulk of the work? Select one: a. Secondary explosives b. Primary explosives c. Active explosives d. Initiating explosives

a. Secondary explosives

What type of hazardous materials are often either metals or salts and can form highly caustic solutions? Select one: a. Water-reactive materials b. Air-reactive materials c. Light-sensitive materials d. Shock-sensitive materials

a. Water-reactive materials

The rate at which a number of atoms will decay and emit radiation in one second is called: Select one: a. activity. b. reactivity. c. half-life. d. degradation.

a. activity.

Exposure to radiation received in a short period of time is a(an) _____ dose. Select one: a. acute b. lethal c. chronic d. concentration

a. acute

The best course of action for large fires involving water-reactive materials is typically to isolate the area, protect exposures, and: Select one: a. allow the fire to burn until it consumes all of the fuel. b. aggressively fight the fire. c. allow the fire to burn until it is more easily fought. d. attack small areas of the fire at a time.

a. allow the fire to burn until it consumes all of the fuel.

Choking agents include: Select one: a. chlorine and phosgene. b. tabun and sarin. c. mustard and lewisite. d. soman and V agent.

a. chlorine and phosgene.

When radioactive material is deposited on surfaces, skin, clothing, or any place where it is not desired, radioactive _____ occurs. Select one: a. contamination b. adsorption c. reactivity d. corrosion

a. contamination

Lethal dose 50 can be defined as the dose of a solid or liquid toxic substance that would: Select one: a. kill 50 percent of the exposed sample population. b. maim 50 percent of the exposed sample population. c. kill virtually 100 percent of the exposed sample population. d. affect 50 percent of the exposed sample population in some way.

a. kill 50 percent of the exposed sample population.

At an explosives incident, limit personnel exposure until: Select one: a. the risk of secondary devices is eliminated. b. all bystanders are evacuated from the area. c. any suspects are under arrest. d. a predetermined amount of time has passed.

a. the risk of secondary devices is eliminated.

Which basic type of hydrocarbon has explosive potential? Select one: a. Aromatics b. Alkynes c. Alkanes d. Alkenes

b. Alkynes

Which basic type of hydrocarbon will typically burn with sooty smoke that often gives the appearance of a spider web? Select one: a. Alkynes b. Aromatics c. Alkenes d. Alkanes

b. Aromatics

Which group of biological agents is a single-celled living organism capable of independent growth? Select one: a. Toxins b. Bacteria c. Fungi d. Viruses

b. Bacteria

Which type of chemical warfare agent includes mustard and lewisite? Select one: a. Nerve agents b. Blister agents/vesicants c. Blood agents d. Choking agents

b. Blister agents/vesicants

How is radioactive contamination best determined? Select one: a. By witness statements b. By using a radiation detector c. By visual clues d. By monitoring signs and symptoms

b. By using a radiation detector

Who should move, defuse, or otherwise handle explosive devices? Select one: a. Hazardous materials technicians b. Certified, trained bomb technicians c. Law enforcement d. Fire department supervisory personnel

b. Certified, trained bomb technicians

Which type of explosive may be used in IEDs and has a common ingredient that is found in some fireworks? Select one: a. Nitrate-based explosives b. Chlorate-based explosives c. Ammonium-based explosives d. Peroxide-based explosives

b. Chlorate-based explosives

Which division of explosives includes articles and substances having a mass explosion hazard? Select one: a. Division 1.4 b. Division 1.1 c. Division 1.2 d. Division 1.3

b. Division 1.1

Black powder, smokeless powder, and solid rocket fuel would be placarded as: Select one: a. Division 1.3. b. Division 1.4. c. Class II. d. Class I.

b. Division 1.4.

What type of hazardous material is especially dangerous because all it takes is the introduction of energy in the form of heat, shock, or friction to cause a reaction? Select one: a. Toxins b. Explosives c. Radioactive materials d. Biological agents

b. Explosives

Which type of electromagnetic wave is able to travel considerable distances and through heavy objects? Select one: a. Beta rays b. Gamma rays c. Alpha rays d. X-rays

b. Gamma rays

What type of hazardous materials can act as both an oxidizer and a corrosive and may have the ability to combust and even explode in the absence of air? Select one: a. Water-reactive materials b. Inorganic peroxides c. Air-reactive materials d. Aromatics

b. Inorganic peroxides

Which common family of hazardous materials is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives? Select one: a. Inorganic compounds b. Organic compounds c. Corrosives d. Reactive materials

b. Organic compounds

What type of hazardous material does not burn but can make a fire burn much hotter and faster? Select one: a. Aromatics b. Oxidizers c. Alkynes d. Reactive materials

b. Oxidizers

Which common family of hazardous materials releases energy or undergoes changes either on its own or in contact with other materials? Select one: a. Organic compounds b. Reactive materials c. Inorganic compounds d. Corrosives

b. Reactive materials

Which group of biological agents requires living cells in which to replicate and includes smallpox? Select one: a. Toxins b. Viruses c. Rickettsia d. Bacteria

b. Viruses

The inverse square law means that doubling the distance from a point source of a radioactive material divides the dose by a factor of: Select one: a. six. b. four. c. ten. d. two.

b. four.

The spontaneous breakdown of an atomic nucleus resulting in the release of energy and matter from the nucleus is: Select one: a. atomic combustion. b. radioactive decay. c. neutron reactivity. d. nuclear fission.

b. radioactive decay.

The ability of a chemical to cause harm via interference with or destruction of individual cells is referred to as its: Select one: a. concentration. b. toxicity. c. reactivity. d. activity.

b. toxicity.

Which type of ionizing radiation has relatively large particles that can travel only a few inches in air and cannot penetrate intact skin? Select one: a. Gamma particles b. Neutron particles c. Alpha particles d. Beta particles

c. Alpha particles

Which family is classified as an acid or base based on its chemical behavior when in contact with water? Select one: a. Organic compounds b. Reactive materials c. Corrosives d. Inert compounds

c. Corrosives

What is a common sign or symptom of exposure to blister agents/vesicants? Select one: a. Extreme cold b. Loss of vision c. Difficulty breathing d. Seizures

c. Difficulty breathing

What are the primary routes of entry for blister agents? Select one: a. Ingestion and injection b. Injection and absorption c. Inhalation and absorption d. Ingestion and inhalation

c. Inhalation and absorption

Why is it difficult to determine whether radiation is involved in an incident? Select one: a. It has no detection mechanism. b. Appearance mimics some hazardous chemicals. c. It is invisible. d. Symptoms mimic other hazardous exposures.

c. It is invisible.

Which type of radiation will travel through most materials? Select one: a. Beta particles b. Rickettsia c. Neutron particles d. Alpha particles

c. Neutron particles

What types of materials should be stored below the maximum safe storage temperature for routine purposes because of the risk of chemical change and violent release from their packaging? Select one: a. Inorganic peroxides b. Water-reactive materials c. Organic peroxides d. Corrosives

c. Organic peroxides

Which would be a possible indicator of a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED)? Select one: a. Small vehicle with multiple occupants b. Vehicle which has dents or dings that appear older c. Vehicle that appears to be weighted down or sits unusually low on its suspension d. Large vehicle with only one driver

c. Vehicle that appears to be weighted down or sits unusually low on its suspension

Bacteria includes: Select one: a. staphylococcal enterotoxin. b. abrin. c. anthrax. d. smallpox.

c. anthrax.

The International System (SI) unit for activity is the becqueral (Bq), which is the quantity of radioactive material that one atom transforms per: Select one: a. hour. b. minute. c. second. d. day.

c. second.

How far do responders typically stage away from a suspected explosive material incident? Select one: a. 3,000 feet (900 meters) b. 500 feet (150 meters) c. 2,000 feet (600 meters) d. 1,000 feet (300 meters)

d. 1,000 feet (300 meters)

What type of hazardous materials, when exposed to air, can increase the potential of container failure due to overpressurization? Select one: a. Water-reactive materials b. Light-sensitive materials c. Corrosives d. Air-reactive materials

d. Air-reactive materials

Which type of chemical material will soften and dissolve human tissue and create penetrating and severe injuries? Select one: a. Organic peroxides b. Acids c. Inorganic peroxides d. Bases

d. Bases

What is one of the most significant signs of nerve agent poisoning? Select one: a. Feeling of extreme cold b. Loss of smell c. Loss of vision d. Excess secretion of body fluids

d. Excess secretion of body fluids

Which type of bomb is filled with a material such as dry ice or a combination of reactive materials that will expand rapidly, causing the container to explode? Select one: a. M-Devices b. Pipe bombs c. Backpack bombs d. Plastic bottle bombs

d. Plastic bottle bombs

Which type of radiation is rarely a by-product of natural radioactive decay and is primarily produced by machines? Select one: a. Gamma rays b. Beta particles c. Alpha particles d. X-rays

d. X-rays

The outer, dead layer of the human skin usually blocks: Select one: a. beta particles. b. rickettsia. c. neutron particles. d. alpha particles.

d. alpha particles.

Halogenated agents contain a halogen and: Select one: a. are typically nontoxic. b. are typically less toxic than the parent materials. c. have the same toxicity as the parent materials. d. are typically more toxic than the parent materials.

d. are typically more toxic than the parent materials.

The measure of the time it takes for one half of a given amount of radioactive material to decay or change to a less hazardous form is referred to as its: Select one: a. reactivity. b. internal degradation. c. activity. d. half-life.

d. half-life.

An example of a chronic radiation dose includes: Select one: a. small electronic use by consumers. b. workers in pesticide companies. c. civilians exposed to a nuclear bomb. d. workers in medical facilities.

d. workers in medical facilities.