Chapter 4
_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.
Central vacuoles; ribosomes
Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded within the thylakoid membrane, which is the most extensive membrane system within plant cells.
Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?
Golgi apparatus
Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?
The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.
Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?
chloroplast
What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?
cristae because the folds increase the surface area of the membrane, allowing more proteins to be embedded and thus enhancing the ability of the mitochondrion to produce ATP.
where are lysosomes found?
in animal cells, not in most plant cells
A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.
lack of dynein proteins Dynein is part of the proteins that make up microtubules. Defects in dynein proteins are responsible for this disease.
What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?
mRNA The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
what three things must all living cells have
metabolism, a membrane, and a genome
Where in a cell is ATP made?
mitochondria
Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?
the cytosol
What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?
they are all members of the endomembrane system
what is the function of the nucleolus
to give instructions to rna on how to create ribosomes
If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?
transmission electron microscope