Chapter 4

_____ are found only in plant cells, but _____ are found in both plant and animal cells.

Central vacuoles; ribosomes

Where are chlorophyll molecules located within the chloroplasts?

Chlorophyll molecules are embedded within the thylakoid membrane, which is the most extensive membrane system within plant cells.

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following describes the function of the chloroplast?

The chloroplast converts light energy to chemical energy.

Many researchers think that the first eukaryotic cells obtained energy for life-sustaining functions from organic compounds. Given this information, which of the following organelles most likely appeared last in eukaryotic cells?

chloroplast

What mitochondrial feature enhances cellular respiration?

cristae because the folds increase the surface area of the membrane, allowing more proteins to be embedded and thus enhancing the ability of the mitochondrion to produce ATP.

where are lysosomes found?

in animal cells, not in most plant cells

A disease called primary ciliary dyskenisia is characterized by abnormal ciliary movements. In these cilia, microtubule functioning is disrupted due to microtubules missing an essential component. This disease could be caused by __________.

lack of dynein proteins Dynein is part of the proteins that make up microtubules. Defects in dynein proteins are responsible for this disease.

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA The "m" in mRNA stands for "messenger"; mRNA is the messenger that carries genetic instructions from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

what three things must all living cells have

metabolism, a membrane, and a genome

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Where would ribosomes be located that are responsible for producing enzymes which play a role in sugar metabolism?

the cytosol

What do the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes have in common?

they are all members of the endomembrane system

what is the function of the nucleolus

to give instructions to rna on how to create ribosomes

If you wished to clearly observe the organelles inside of a white blood cell, which type of microscope would you choose?

transmission electron microscope