Chapter 4

From the late 1950s to 2010, how many Americans have been convicted solely for criticizing the government's war policies?

0

Which of the following cases established that law enforcement officers must advise detainees of their rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney, before beginning questioning in a criminal investigation?

Miranda v Arizona

Why was the National Security Agency's wiretapping of phone calls and e-mail messages originating in the United States, first revealed by The New York Times in 2005, controversial?

The wiretapping had been authorized by President George W. Bush without approval from the courts. The NSA had collected data on nearly every call made by Americans.

The Eighth Amendment protects

against cruel and unusual punishment

In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the courts

allowed government polices during wartime that would not be allowed in times of peace.

Which of the following is likely to convince a judge that police should be issued a search warrant?

establishing probable cause for believing a crime has been committed

The First Amendment protection that makes it illegal for the government to enact laws that restrict the free practice of religion by any individual is known as the

free exercise clause

The First Amendment clause barring the government from passing any laws that prohibit an individual's practice of his or her religion is known as the ______ clause.

free-exercise

The Supreme Court has ruled that prisoners should generally appeal their cases first

in state courts

In the case of New York Times Co. v. United States

it was ruled that prior restraint is unconstitutional without a compelling argument for the restriction

Which term describes the set of procedures authorities must follow before a person can be lawfully punished for an offense?

procedural due process

Law enforcement officials sometimes controversially rely on the practice of ___________________________ the assumption that certain groups of people are more likely to commit particular crimes.

racial profiling

Which of the following is NOT considered a Sixth Amendment protection?

right to bear arms

Griswold v. Connecticut was a case dealing with

right to privacy

The imminent lawless action test

says that for speech to be restricted, it must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action. says that speech must be likely to produce lawless action. has two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force.

In Hamden v. Rumsfeld (2006), the Supreme Court ruled that enemy combatant detainees were protected by which of the following?

the Geneva Convention the U.S. Uniform Code of Military Justice

Which of the following acts of legislation after the September 11 terrorist attacks gave government greater surveillance power to monitor phone calls and emails without a warrant or court order?

the USA Patriot Act

What are the religious clauses in the First Amendment?

the establishment clause the free-exercise clause

The 1977 Supreme Court case that provided guidance on the allowable restrictions on freedom of speech and freedom of assembly upheld which of the following?

the right of an American Nazi Party group to hold a parade in Skokie, a city with a large Jewish population that included Holocaust survivors

Which of the following is a right of the accused that is protected by the Fifth Amendment?

to have a grand jury weigh the prosecution's evidence