Psychopathology Exam 1

Soma is Greek for ___________.

body

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

"Bigorexia" probably falls under the OCRD diagnosis of _________________.

Withdrawal

involves behavioral, physiological, and psychological changes due to stopping or reducing substance use.

Bulimia Nervosa

involves repeated binge-eating, compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, and body image concerns

Anorexia Nervosa

involves significantly low weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and body image concerns. It is 10x more prevalent in females

Predominately Inattentive Presentation

More common in females.

ADHD as a Whole

More common in males.

Hand flapping would be an example of ______________.

Motor stereotypy

Symptoms of schizophrenia

Must last for at least 6 months

___________ is the study of classifications of disease.

Nosology

Depersonalization

Not feeling connected to one's body

All of the following are included as diagnoses in the DSM-5 EXCEPT:

Obesity

Behavioral activation

Often used to help treat depression.

The biopsychosocial model of psychopathology

One of the most widely accepted models today

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders include

Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Pyromania, and Kleptomania.

Amnesia due to a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) would likely be classified as ____________.

Organic Amnesia

streptococcus

PANDAS is associated with _____________.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Part of the Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders family in the DSM-5 (more prevalent in women then men)

Hallucinations

Perceptual disturbances

Feeding and Eating Disorders in the DSM-5 include

Pica, Rumination Disorder, Binge-Eating Disorder, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

The stress-diathesis model

Popular for certain disorders (diathesis = predisposition)

The Dodo Bird Hypothesis

Posits that therapies are more or less the same in effectiveness

Which presentation of ADHD is more common among females?

Predominantly Inattentive

Three Presentations of ADHD

Predominately Inattentive, Hyperactive/Impulsive, and Combined.

SSRIs

Prozac and Zoloft are members of the most popularly prescribed classes of drugs in the United States. They are considered _________.

Which therapeutic paradigms is most closely associated with free association?

Psychodynamic

Which of the following is NOT considered under Criteria A for ASD in the DSM-5?

Restricted interests

There are two subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa:

Restricting and Binging and Purging

______ make a disorder more likely to occur, whereas ________ make a disorder less likely to occur.

Risk factors; protective factors

Peak of Major Depressive Disorder

Mid-20s

Psychosis

A break with reality

Dissociative Identity Disorder

A controversial diagnosis and was called Multiple Personality Disorder in the DSM-IV

Anorexia Nervosa is _______ times as prevalent in females than males.

10

To diagnose ADHD, you must trace symptoms to before the age of ________.

12

In what year was the DSM-5 published?

2013

Schizophrenia is usually first diagnosed in _____________.

20s or 30s

Dissociation

A detachment from physical and emotional consciousness, identity, or memory. It is not a full break with reality, which is called psychosis.

Transvestic Disorder

A member of a family of sexual-related disorders known as Paraphilias.

The decline of the asylum movement led to all of the following EXCEPT:

A rise in surgical procedures, such as lobotomies

Behavioral Activation

A therapist prescribes regular exercise to her client who is experiencing depressive symptoms. She and the client meet to develop regularly scheduled walks in the park. This is an example of _____________.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three defining features of ADHD?

Aggression

In Case Study 4, what diagnosis was Cindy NOT given?

Alcohol Use Disorder

The DSM-5 is published by the ________________.

American Psychiatric Association

The Two Hallmarks of Depression

Anhedonia and dysphoric mood.

The PCL-R is used to assess for ________________.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Which of the following personality disorders is NOT more common in females?

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Anxiety Disorders

Are highly comorbid with depressive disorders and are most prevalent in females, in people of European descent, and in developed countries.

Which type of hallucination is most common?

Auditory

What heuristic is involved in quickly associating violent news events with mental illness?

Availability Heuristic

B.F. Skinner is most closely associated with what paradigm?

Behavioral

Which therapeutic paradigm is most closely associated with systematic desensitization?

Behavioral

Who is often called the "American Hippocrates" and is likely the first American psychiatrist?

Benjamin Rush

Types of Bipolar Disorders

Bipolar I, Bipolar II, and Cyclothymic Disorder.

MAOI

Brad is experiencing very high blood pressure and chest pains after eating cheese and drinking wine. You learn that he is also taking an antidepressant. Suspecting tyramine hypertensive crisis, you ask whether he is taking a _____________.

Personality disorders that involve dramatic, erratic, and emotional behaviors fall into __________________.

Cluster B

Aaron Beck is most closely associated with what paradigm?

Cognitive

Many individuals with ASD have ______________________.

Comorbid Intellectual Disability (though many are also incredibly smart, as it exists on a spectrum)

Jack used to only need two cups of coffee in the morning to feel alert. Now, two cups "does nothing" for him, and he needs four cups of coffee to achieve the same level of alertness he previously had after two cups. This seems to indicate:

Caffeine Tolerance

Personality disorders

Can be conceptualized using a categorical approach or a dimensional approach

Pandas

Can mimic OCD symptomology.

A person sits in the same posture for hours on end. Coupled with other diagnostic criteria for Schizophrenia, this is likely the ____________ subtype.

Catatonic

Common Factors

Certain therapies share commonalities that are thought to make them equally effective

Specific Phobia, situational type

Claustrophobia would be considered ____________________.

Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder, and Schizotypal Personality Disorder all fall into _________.

Cluster A

There are 10 personality disorders that are divided into 3 clusters:

Cluster A Disorders (odd-eccentric bxs), Cluster B Disorders (dramatic, erratic, emotional bxs), and Cluster C Disorders (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive bxs)

As a psychologist, you are presented with a 14 year old who brutally killed his family pet, shows very little remorse, and has a very long arrest record. Your most likely diagnosis is ______________.

Conduct Disorder

Which disorder is considered more severe?

Conduct Disorder

What hormone is most associated with stress response?

Cortisol

In Andrew Solomon's video, he discusses a treatment for which condition?

Depression

Genetic risk for a disorder would be considered ___________ by the stress-diathesis model.

Diathesis

A temporary state of confusion and identity or memory loss, as in the case of Hannah Upp, would likely be diagnosed as ___________________.

Dissociative Fugue

Multiple Personality Disorder is known as _____________ in the DSM-5.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde illustrates _____________.

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Delusions

Distorted thoughts or beliefs

_____ seems to be the neurotransmitter most closely involved in addictive behaviors.

Dopamine

In Case Study 11, Jerry is treated using ___________.

ERP

Repeatedly saying "Mommy says sit down" to one's self would be an example of ____________.

Echolalia

Hyponchondriasis

Excessive concern about contracting an illness. It is classified as Somatic Symptom Disorder or Illness Anxiety Disorder in the DSM-5

Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Exposure therapy, progressive muscle relaxation, systematic desensitization, biofeedback, and mindfulness are commonly used as talk therapies to treat anxiety disorders

Hypochondriasis does NOT commonly fall under what diagnosis in the DSM-5?

Factitious Disorder

Munchausen Syndrome usually falls under what diagnosis in the DSM-5?

Factitious Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Falls within the obsessive compulsive and related disorders in the DSM-5. A commonly misunderstood diagnosis.

TRUE OR FALSE. Seasonal Affective Disorder is included as a standalone diagnosis in the DSM-5.

False

True or False: ADD is a diagnosis in the DSM-5.

False

True or False: Anorexia Nervosa, unlike Bulimia Nervosa, does not involve binging and purging episodes.

False

True or False: Eating too much sugar can cause ADHD

False

True or False: In Case Study 4, Cindy's diagnosis received the specifier "with delayed onset"?

False

True or False: In the DSM-5, there is a controversial diagnosis known as Gender Identity Disorder (GID).

False

True or False: People with mental illness are more likely to commit crimes than the general population

False

True or False: Postpartum Depression is an official diagnosis in the DSM-5.

False

True or False: There is a substance use disorder (addiction) for caffeine in the DSM-5.

False

True or False: You can be diagnosed with both Bipolar I and Bipolar II at the same time.

False

True or False: You need to experience a depressive episode to meet diagnostic criteria for Bipolar I.

False

Derealization

Feeling as if life is a dream and is foggy and blurry best illustrates.

Derealization

Feeling as if the world is not real

Prevalence of MDD

Females have MDD 1.5-3x more than males

Behavioral therapy

Focuses on observable events

Cognitive therapy

Focuses on thoughts

John feels fine, but he drinks alcohol frequently and this has caused him problems at work and in his marriage. The ___ model of abnormality may consider this a diagnosable condition.

Functional Disability

Conversion Disorder is also known as ___________ in the DSM-5.

Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder

What is the only non-substance related disorder in the Substance Related Disorders and Addictive Disorders section of the DSM-5?

Gambling Disorder

In the DSM-5, there is a diagnosis for ______________.

Gender Dysphoria

6 months

Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia all require symptoms to durate for at least ______________.

At the end of the DSM-5, there is a section known as ________________________________.

Glossary of Cultural Concepts of Distress.

Neurotransmitters thought to be linked with anxiety disorders

Glutamate, GABA, and norepinephrine

Thinking that you are invincible would be an example of a delusion of _____________.

Grandeur

What bodily system is associated with stress response?

HPA

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for behavioral disorders?

High resting heart rate

Which of the following was NOT a change between the DSM-IV and the DSM-5?

Homosexuality was depathologized

Amygdala

Hyperactivation of the ____________ is associated with anxious response.

What was Liona's primary treatment?

IPT

Anxiolytics

Medications used to treat anxiety disorders. SSRIs and benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders.

Comorbidity

If you have one disorder, you are more likely to have another disorder at the same time (how different disorders co-occur)

In the video on Munchausen Syndrome, what did the woman featured do to make herself sick?

Inject herself with aquarium water

As a psychologist, you are presented with an adult who is described by everyone as usually a very pleasant person. He seems really nice. However, four times in the past year, he's "flown off the handle" and has been arrested twice for road rage. He says that he experiences anger management difficulties. Your most likely diagnosis is _____________.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Somatic Disorders

Involve medical or physical symptoms in the absence of a known medical cause

PTSD

Involves a stressor, intrusive symptoms, avoidance, negative thoughts and moods, and changes in arousal and reactivity (symptoms must last one month)

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Involves both difficulties in social communication and interaction + restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities / subsumed the former dx of Aspergers Syndrome, Rett's Disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder, and PDD-NOS with the publication of the DSM-5.

Conversion Disorder

Involves neurological symptoms like seizures or paralysis in the absence of a neurological disorder

What does OCD involve?

Involves obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (behaviors aimed at preventing something bad from happening).

Tolerance

Is needing more of a substance to achieve the same effects

Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

Is often used to treat Borderline Personality Disorder

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

Is often used to treat symptoms of ASD

Hikikomori is most closely associated with what country?

Japan

Which behavioral disorder is more common in females than males?

Kleptomania

Munchausen's Disorder

Known as Factitious Disorder in the DSM-5

Anhedonia

Lack of enjoyment or pleasure and activities.

Mood Stabilizer

Lithium is an example of a(n) ____________.

Types of Antidepressants

MAOIs, Tricyclics, SSRIs, and Atypical Antidepressants.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ASD?

MMR Vaccine

In addition to eating disorders, case studies 11 and 12 also have diagnoses of __________ in common.

Major Depressive Disorder

Protective Factor

Makes getting a disorder less likely

Risk Factor

Makes getting a disorder more likely

The psychologist most closely associated with DBT is ________________.

Marsha Linehan

________ was a term from humorism used to describe someone with depressive-like symptoms.

Melancholy

Schizophrenic symptoms with a manic or depressive episode would most appropriately be diagnosed as _____________.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Someone says that they feel psychological pain. The ____ model of abnormality may consider this a diagnosable condition.

Self-Distress

Which of the following would NOT commonly be considered SMI?

Social Anxiety Disorder

Asking "how does that make you feel?" in therapy demonstrates the CBT component of ______________.

Socratic Dialogue

Who is the patron saint of mental illness?

St. Dymphna

DSM-5

Stands for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and is published by the American Psychiatric Association

ICD-10

Stands for International Classification of Diseases and is published by the World Health Organization

Examples of Nosology

The DSM-5 and ICD-10

2 Weeks

The minimum symptom duration to meet diagnostic criteria for Major Depressive Disorder

CBT

The most widely practiced talk therapy in the United States today

Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic therapy is

The oldest talk therapy. It focuses on accessing the unconscious. Because it lacks scientific support, it has fallen out of favor in recent years

Distinguishing Factor between Bipolar I and II

The presence of a manic Episode

The refrigerator mother hypothesis refers to _________.

The thought that autism was due to lack of maternal warmth

Abnormality/Psychopathology

There are many models of these

Risk of Suicide

There is a greater risk of suicide for people with bipolar disorders.

Is one therapy better than another?

There is much debate over whether one therapy is more effective than another therapy

Which therapy is better than the other?

There is much debate over whether one therapy is more effective than another therapy

Which of the following is NOT true about anxiety disorders?

They are more common in adolescents than adults

Positive symptoms

Things that you do (e.g., hallucinations, delusions)

Negative symptoms

Things that you don't do (e.g., avolition, alogia)

_________________ is NOT Gender Dysphoria or Transvestic Disorder

Transgender

Boring a hole in one's skull is known as ___________.

Trepanation

TRUE OR FALSE. ASD is more common in males than females

True

True or False: A hypomanic episode is generally less severe than a manic episode.

True

True or False: PTSD is more prevalent in females than males.

True

True or False: There is a substance use disorder (addiction) for cannabis in the DSM-5.

True

True or false: The word "lunatic" came from a Roman understanding that mental health changed with the phases of the moon.

True

False

True or False: In the DSM-5, OCD is part of the Anxiety Disorders family.

False

True or False: OCD is more common in males than in females.

Gender Identity Disorder (GID)

Was a controversial diagnosis that existed in the DSM-IV-TR. It no longer exists in the DSM-5.

Dysthymic Disorder

Which of the following is NOT considered a Bipolar Disorder in the DSM-5?

Gambling away his savings account

Which of the following was NOT a feature of Buddy's initial manic episode in Case Study 10?

The ICD-10 is published by the ________________.

World Health Organization

Benzodiazepines

Xanax and Valium are examples of _____________.

ERP

a CBT technique used to treat OCD.

Dhat Syndrome is an example of ______________.

a cultural concept of distress

Lithium

a mood stabilizer commonly prescribed to treat bipolar disorders.

Frotteuristic Disorder is an example of ___________.

a paraphilia

These parts of the brain are highly involved in anxious response

amygdala and prefrontal cortex

Hypomanic Episodes

associated with Bipolar II Disorder.

ADHD

considered a Neurodevelopmental Disorder in the DSM-5.

Generally, these disorders are divided into _______________________________.

substance use disorders (i.e., addiction) and substance induced disorders (e.g., intoxication, withdrawal, tolerance)

Nosology

the study of how diseases are classified