Chapter 4

Which of the following are symptoms associated with diverticulitis

Abdominal pain

Amylase is

An enzyme

Which my plate groups provide many high fiber foods?

Grains vegetables and fruits

The RDA of 130 g per day of carbohydrates is set to

Provide adequate glucose for the brain and nervous system

Which type of cells can only use simple carbohydrates for fuel

Red blood cells

Secondary lactose maldigestion

Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen

blockages in the intestine

High levels of hemoglobin A1c indicate chronically elevated

blood glucose

Which of the following are components of a whole grain

endosperm, germ, bran

Glycogen is stored

liver and muscles

Which statements are true about fiber

Adds bulk to feces, a substances found in plants, and a complex carbohydrate

Which of the following are subgroups of vegetables

Beans and peas, dark green vegetables, red and orange vegetables, starchy vegetables

Foods that contain essentially no carbohydrates

Beef, eggs, chicken, fish, vegetable oil, butter, and margarine

Ketosis is the condition of having high concentration of ketone bodies in the

Bloodstream

Insulin

Decreases blood glucose

Why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohol

Diarrhea

Excessive straining during defecation May cause formation of diverticular, Which are small pouches that protrude through the outer wall of the large intestine. The presence of diverticula without any symptoms is called _______; once diverticula become inflamed and bothersome the condition is called ________

Diverticulosis; diverticulitis

Sugar alcohols are advantageous In food products because they

Do not promote dental caries and provide fewer calories than sugar

After a grain is refined which part is left

Endosperm

To treat an episode of diverticulitis, individuals should limit what

Fiber intake

Sugar alcohols are used in what

Gum, breath mints, and candy because they are not readily metabolized by bacteria to acids in the mouth in the eyes do not promote tooth decay

Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia

Hunger, sweating, and shakiness

Anna's blood test showed that her fasting sugar was 150 MG\DL According to these results she is

Hyper glycemic

Type one diabetes results from

Inadequate insulin production

Glucagon

Increases blood glucose

High fructose corn syrup is widely used in food processing because

It has better shelf stability than sugar and it is less expensive than sugar

What is the process called when fat does not break down completely yielding ketone bodies

Ketosis

Many patients with type two diabetes can improve blood glucose control by

Losing a moderate amount of weight

After the body has depleted all of the stored liver glycogen and no additional carbohydrate is consumed the body does what

Makes glucose from amino acids resulting is muscle tissue loss

Do vegetables need to be consumed raw to enjoy their nutrient benefits

No

Substances that are classified as dietary fiber

Pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, gums

Type two diabetes can often be effectively manage through

Physical activity, moderate weight loss, and diet

Fiber is a type of

Polysaccharide

It is important to eat adequate carbohydrates that the body does not use ________ For energy

Protein

Examples of functional fiber

Resistant starch, polydextrose, unulin

Examples of nutritive sweeteners

Sucrose, sorbitol, and high fructose corn syrup

True or false? Amylase Is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas

True

True or false? The increase bulk of a high fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories

True

True or false? While the brain prefers glucose as its source of fuel I can also use ketone bodies for energy

True

Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity

Type 2

When is glucose most likely to produce fat

When overall calorie needs are exceeded

The approximate carbohydrate content of eggs butter chicken and margarine

Zero

Which artificial sweetener is known by its trade names NutraSweet and equal

aspartame

An individual who is experiencing An episode of diverticulitis should

avoid fiber

Primary lactose maldigestion

chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose

Lactose is the main carbohydrate found in

dairy foods

As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality

decreases

Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood.

decreases

If you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can supply energy

fat and protein

Fiber that has been added to foods to achieve health benefits is called

functional fiber

Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together.

glucose

major monosaccharide found in the body

glucose

Symptoms of hypoglycemia should resolve quickly with the consumption of

glucose (carbohydrate)

Examples of monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

Because of its low cost, shelf stability, and desirable food properties, __________ Is used in the manufacture of many processed foods, including soft drinks, condiments, and snack foods

high fructose corn syrup

Mel has diabetes and uses insulin for glucose management. If he takes more than his prescribed dose of insulin,

his blood sugar will be too low.

What is the technical term for high blood sugar

hyperglycemia

A high fiber diet is helpful for weight management because

it contributes to a feeling of fullness after eating. it provides few calories.

The disaccharide known as milk sugar

lactose

Refined grains are __________ in fiber than whole grains

lower

Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating

meals with a mixture of macronutrients and meals on a regular schedule.

Where does the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begin

mouth

Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are ______.

nonstarch polysaccharides in foods dietary fiber

The monosaccharides and disaccharides are designated as _________ Because they provide calories

nutritive sweeteners

The primary function of carbohydrates in the body

provide energy

Which alternative sweetener has been on the market the longest

saccharin

A high fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because

soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted. fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver.

Excessive consumption of this type of sugar may have a laxative effect

sugar alcohol

What are some natural food sources of sucrose

sugar beets and maple sugar

The main function of glucose

supply energy

Which of the following types of fruit are great sources of dietary fiber

whole and cut up

Grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm (starchy interior) are called

whole grains

What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults

130 grams per day

What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women

25 grams

What is the adequate intake level of dietary fiber for men

38 grams

According to the food and nutrition board carbohydrates should provide what percentage of total calories in the diet

46-65%

A blood glucose measurement that indicates hypoglycemia

47

The threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c level greater than

6.5%