Chapter 4
Which of the following are symptoms associated with diverticulitis
Abdominal pain
Amylase is
An enzyme
Which my plate groups provide many high fiber foods?
Grains vegetables and fruits
The RDA of 130 g per day of carbohydrates is set to
Provide adequate glucose for the brain and nervous system
Which type of cells can only use simple carbohydrates for fuel
Red blood cells
Secondary lactose maldigestion
Temporarily decreased production of lactase due to a specific cause, such as an intestinal virus; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
If a person consumes a large amount of fiber without adequate fluid, which of the following may happen
blockages in the intestine
High levels of hemoglobin A1c indicate chronically elevated
blood glucose
Which of the following are components of a whole grain
endosperm, germ, bran
Glycogen is stored
liver and muscles
Which statements are true about fiber
Adds bulk to feces, a substances found in plants, and a complex carbohydrate
Which of the following are subgroups of vegetables
Beans and peas, dark green vegetables, red and orange vegetables, starchy vegetables
Foods that contain essentially no carbohydrates
Beef, eggs, chicken, fish, vegetable oil, butter, and margarine
Ketosis is the condition of having high concentration of ketone bodies in the
Bloodstream
Insulin
Decreases blood glucose
Why is it not a good idea to consume excessive amounts of sugar alcohol
Diarrhea
Excessive straining during defecation May cause formation of diverticular, Which are small pouches that protrude through the outer wall of the large intestine. The presence of diverticula without any symptoms is called _______; once diverticula become inflamed and bothersome the condition is called ________
Diverticulosis; diverticulitis
Sugar alcohols are advantageous In food products because they
Do not promote dental caries and provide fewer calories than sugar
After a grain is refined which part is left
Endosperm
To treat an episode of diverticulitis, individuals should limit what
Fiber intake
Sugar alcohols are used in what
Gum, breath mints, and candy because they are not readily metabolized by bacteria to acids in the mouth in the eyes do not promote tooth decay
Which of the following are symptoms of hypoglycemia
Hunger, sweating, and shakiness
Anna's blood test showed that her fasting sugar was 150 MG\DL According to these results she is
Hyper glycemic
Type one diabetes results from
Inadequate insulin production
Glucagon
Increases blood glucose
High fructose corn syrup is widely used in food processing because
It has better shelf stability than sugar and it is less expensive than sugar
What is the process called when fat does not break down completely yielding ketone bodies
Ketosis
Many patients with type two diabetes can improve blood glucose control by
Losing a moderate amount of weight
After the body has depleted all of the stored liver glycogen and no additional carbohydrate is consumed the body does what
Makes glucose from amino acids resulting is muscle tissue loss
Do vegetables need to be consumed raw to enjoy their nutrient benefits
No
Substances that are classified as dietary fiber
Pectins, hemicelluloses, cellulose, gums
Type two diabetes can often be effectively manage through
Physical activity, moderate weight loss, and diet
Fiber is a type of
Polysaccharide
It is important to eat adequate carbohydrates that the body does not use ________ For energy
Protein
Examples of functional fiber
Resistant starch, polydextrose, unulin
Examples of nutritive sweeteners
Sucrose, sorbitol, and high fructose corn syrup
True or false? Amylase Is an enzyme that is released from the salivary glands and the pancreas
True
True or false? The increase bulk of a high fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories
True
True or false? While the brain prefers glucose as its source of fuel I can also use ketone bodies for energy
True
Which type of diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance and often associated with obesity
Type 2
When is glucose most likely to produce fat
When overall calorie needs are exceeded
The approximate carbohydrate content of eggs butter chicken and margarine
Zero
Which artificial sweetener is known by its trade names NutraSweet and equal
aspartame
An individual who is experiencing An episode of diverticulitis should
avoid fiber
Primary lactose maldigestion
chronically decreased production of lactase with no apparent cause; may cause abdominal pain, gas, and diarrhea after consumption of large quantities of lactose
Lactose is the main carbohydrate found in
dairy foods
As intake of added sugars increases, dietary quality
decreases
Soluble fiber ______ the absorption of cholesterol from the small intestine into the blood.
decreases
If you do not consume adequate carbohydrates, what other dietary components can supply energy
fat and protein
Fiber that has been added to foods to achieve health benefits is called
functional fiber
Glycogen is a branched structure comprised of many _____ units bonded together.
glucose
major monosaccharide found in the body
glucose
Symptoms of hypoglycemia should resolve quickly with the consumption of
glucose (carbohydrate)
Examples of monosaccharides
glucose, fructose, galactose
Because of its low cost, shelf stability, and desirable food properties, __________ Is used in the manufacture of many processed foods, including soft drinks, condiments, and snack foods
high fructose corn syrup
Mel has diabetes and uses insulin for glucose management. If he takes more than his prescribed dose of insulin,
his blood sugar will be too low.
What is the technical term for high blood sugar
hyperglycemia
A high fiber diet is helpful for weight management because
it contributes to a feeling of fullness after eating. it provides few calories.
The disaccharide known as milk sugar
lactose
Refined grains are __________ in fiber than whole grains
lower
Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating
meals with a mixture of macronutrients and meals on a regular schedule.
Where does the enzymatic digestion of carbohydrates begin
mouth
Mucilages, lignin, and cellulose are ______.
nonstarch polysaccharides in foods dietary fiber
The monosaccharides and disaccharides are designated as _________ Because they provide calories
nutritive sweeteners
The primary function of carbohydrates in the body
provide energy
Which alternative sweetener has been on the market the longest
saccharin
A high fiber diet may improve blood cholesterol measurements because
soluble fiber binds to cholesterol in the GI tract, causing it to be excreted. fatty acids produced during fermentation of soluble fiber in the large intestine reduce cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
Excessive consumption of this type of sugar may have a laxative effect
sugar alcohol
What are some natural food sources of sucrose
sugar beets and maple sugar
The main function of glucose
supply energy
Which of the following types of fruit are great sources of dietary fiber
whole and cut up
Grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm (starchy interior) are called
whole grains
What is the RDA for carbohydrates for adults
130 grams per day
What is the adequate intake level for fiber in adult women
25 grams
What is the adequate intake level of dietary fiber for men
38 grams
According to the food and nutrition board carbohydrates should provide what percentage of total calories in the diet
46-65%
A blood glucose measurement that indicates hypoglycemia
47
The threshold for diagnosis of diabetes is a hemoglobin A1c level greater than
6.5%
