Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology Review Questions, Chaoter 1 - chapter 9

How many "letters" of an RNA molecule, in sequence, does it take to provide the code for a single amino acid?

3

The process by which a less specialized cell matures into a more specialized cell is called _______________. A. Differentiation B. Maturation C. Modification D. Specialization

A.

In observing epithelial cells under a microscope, the cells are arranged in a single layer and look tall and narrow, and the nucleus is located close to the basal side of the cell. The specimen is what type of epithelial tissue? A. Columnar B. Stratified C. Squamous D. Transitional

A. Columnar

The ________ exocrine gland stores its secretion until the glandular cell ruptures, whereas the ________ gland releases its apical region and reforms. A. Holocrine; Apocrine B. Eccrine; Endocrine C. Apocrine; Holocrine D. Eccrine; Apocrine

A. Holocrine; Apocrine

The cells responsible for the transmission of the nerve impulse are __________. A. Neurons B. Oligodendrocytes C. Astrocytes D. Microglia

A. Neurons

Striations, cylindrical cells, and multiple nuclei are observed in ________. A. Skeletal muscle only B. Cardiac Muscle only C. Smooth muscle only D. Skeletal and cardiac muscles

A. Skeletal Muscle only

The cells of muscles, myocytes, develop from ________. a. myoblasts b. endoderm c. fibrocytes d. chondrocytes

A. mytoblasts

Which connective tissue specializes in storage of fat? A. Tendon B. Adipose Tissue C. Reticular Tissue D. Dense Connective Tissue

B. Adipose Tissue

The nerve impulse travels down a(n) ___________, away from the cell body. A. Dendrite B. Axon C. Microglia D. Collagen Fiber

B. Axon

Connective tissue is made of which three essential components? A. Cells, Ground Substance, and Carbohydrates B. Cells, Ground Substance, and Protein Fibers C. Collagen, Ground Substance, and Protein Fibers D. Matrix, Ground Substance, and Fluid

B. Cells, Ground Substance, and Protein Fibers

When a mast cell reacts to an irritation, which of the following chemicals does it release? A. Collagen B. Histamine C. Hyaluronic Acid D. Myelin

B. Histamine

Atrophy refers to ___________. A. Loss of elasticity B. Loss of mass C. Loss of rigidity D. Loss of permeability

B. Loss of mass

Which type of epithelial tissue specializes in moving particles across its surface and is found in airways and lining of the oviduct? A. Transitional B. Stratified Columnar C. Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar D. Stratified Squamous

B. Stratified Columnar

Differentiated cells in a developing embryo derive from _____________. A. Endothelium, mesothelium, and epithelium B. Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm C. Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscle tissue D. Epidermis, mesoderm, and endothelium

B. ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Which of the following is not a type of tissue? A. Muscle B. Nervous C. Embryonic D. Epithelial

C.

Ligaments connect bones together and withstand a lot of stress. What type of connective tissue should you expect ligaments to contain? A. Areolar Tissue B. Adipose Tissue C. Dense Regular Connective Tissue D. Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

C. Dense Regular Connective Tissue

Which of the following processes is not a cardinal sign of inflammation? A.Redness B. Heat C. Fever D. Swelling

C. Fever

Individuals can slow the rate of aging by modifying all of thee lifestyle aspects except for ___________. A. Diet B. Exercise C. Genetic factors D. Stress

C. Genetic Factors

Which of the following is the epithelial tissue that lines the interior of blood vessels? A. Columnar B. Pseudostratified C. Simple squamous D. Transitional

C. Simple squamous

The sequence on a DNA molecule that is complementary to GCTTATAT

CGAATATA

Which of the following central nervous system cells regulate ions, regulate the uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters, and contribute to the formation of the blood brain barrier? A. Microglia B. Neuroglia C. Oligodendrocytes D. Astrocytes

D. Astrocytes

Under the microscope, a tissue specimen shows cells located in spaces scattered in a transparent background. This is probably ___________. A. Loose Connective Tissue B. A Tendon C. Bone D. Hyaline Cartilage

D. Hyaline Cartilage

Skeletal Muscle is composed of very hard working cells. Which organelles do you expect to find in abundance in skeletal muscle cell? A. Nuclei B. Striations C. Golgi Bodies D. Mitochondria

D. Mitochondria

Which of the following lines the body cavities exposed to the external environment? A. Mesothilium B. Lamina propria C. Mesentaries D. Mucosa

D. Mucosa

In bone, the main cells are ________. a. fibroblasts b. chondrocytes c. lymphocytes d. osteocytes

D. Osteocytes

chromatin, nucleosome, DNA, chromosome in order from least complex to most complex

DNA, Nucleosome, Chromatin, Chromosome

Which of the following phases is characterized by preparation for DNA synthesis?

G1

Regional Anatomy

Specific regions of the body

The nucleus and mitochondria share

a double cell membrane

Ion pumps and phagocytosis are both examples of ________.

active transportation

Part of the elongation step of DNA synthesis

attaching complementary nucleotides to the template strand

In adults, new connective tissue cells originate from the ________. a. mesoderm b. mesenchyme c. ectoderm d. endoderm

b. Mesenchyme

The body responds to excessive cold by

breaking down stored energy

What multipotent stem cells from children sometimes banked by parents?

cells from the umbilical cord and from baby teeth

An example of a normal physiological process that uses a positive feedback

childbirth

Nerve cells in your stomach respond to the dissension(the stimulus) resulting from the food. They relay this information to

control center

Cancer cells lack

differentiation

The diffusion of substances within a solution tends to move those substances ____ their _____ gradient

down; concentration

Which type of stem cell gives rise to red and white blood cells?

hematopoietic

Two disadvantages of MRI

high cost and the need for shielding from the magnetic signals

Because they are embedded within the membrane, ion channels are examples of

integral proteins

The heart is within the

mediastinum

Produces large quantities of ATP when both glucose and oxygen

mitochondria

Transcription and translation take place in the ____ and _____, respectively

nucleus; cytoplasm

Diffusion is to _____ as endocytosis is to _____

osmosis; pinocytosis

Arrange the following terms in order of increasing specialization: oligopotency, pleuripotency, unipotency, multipotency.

pleuripotency, multipotency, oligopotency, unipotency

a function of the rough ER

production of proteins

Which of the following is not made out of RNA?

ribosome

A structure that could be found within the nucleolus

ribosomes

The rough ER has its name due to what associated structures

ribosomes

What is a primary function of tumor suppressor genes?

stop certain cells from dividing

Stimulation of the heat-loss center causes

sweat glands to increase their output

A feature common to all three components of the cytoskeleton

they are all polymers of protein subunits

The lumbar region is inferior to

umbilical region