Chapter 4 Anatomy Test , Anatomy sem test review

What type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis?

First-degree

Which of the following membranes lines all body cavities that are open to the exterior?

Mucous

List and describe the three types of epithelial membranes.

Mucous- contains glands and lines body cavities with mucus serous- secretes fluid and reduces friction cutaneous- makes up the skin

What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

what are the survival needs?

Nutrients, oxygen, water, normal body temp. and atmospheric pressure

Which layer of the epidermis is composed of flattened, dead, keratin-filled cells?

Stratum corneum

Layers from from superficial to deep

Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale

Which system covers the external surface of the body and protects deeper tissues?

integumentary system

The nervous system consists of ________. muscles of the heart glands that produce hormones receptors and effectors bones, cartilage, and joints lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs

receptors and effectors

The ability to sense a mosquito landing on your arm and swat it away is described as ________. responsiveness (irritability) metabolism homeostasis excretion

responsiveness (irritability)

A physician estimates the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by ________.

using the "rule of nines"

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another is called ________. homeostasis anatomy physiology irritability negative feedback

anatomy

Ventral is a directional term synonymous with ________ in humans. dorsal posterior anterior medial

anterior

Which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things?

cell

The outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ________.

corneum

Passive processes that move substances across membranes ________.

do not require ATP

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98.6°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? Control center Stimulus Effector Receptor

effector

The ________ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints.

synovial

Inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

Which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color?

Melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

What skin disorder is recognized using the ABCDE rule?

Melanoma

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study? Making a section through the kidney to observe its interior Examining the surface of a bone Viewing muscle tissue through a microscope Studying how the layers of the skin are organized Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

Observing how the heart contracts to pump blood

After an explosion during a fireworks show, a number of people arrive at the emergency room with burns to their skin. You and a colleague are assessing patients to determine who needs assistance first. Evaluate the signs and symptoms of the following patients and determine whose burn is the most severe.

Patient C has blanched or blackened burned skin.

Which of the following contains chemicals that kill bacteria and prevent bacterial invasions of the skin?

Sebum

Which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria?

Sebum

what is anatomy?

Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another

Which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as the knee?

Synovial fluid

Which directional term best describes the location of the human nose? inferior lateral anterior posterior distal

anterior

Which of the following orientation and directional terms have the same meaning (in humans)? Inferior and cephalic Anterior and dorsal Anterior and ventral Inferior and cranial Superior and caudal

anterior and ventral

After a recent knee surgery, Carrie was cautioned about resuming activities too quickly in order to give her surgical incision time to heal. Which of the following tissues will repair and heal the quickest in the weeks to come?

epithelial tissues

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as ________. homeostasis metabolism irritability output

homeostasis

Explain the relationship between anatomy and physiology.

The relationship between anatomy and physiology is that they are both the study of the body. Anatomy is the study of body parts and physiology is the study of those body parts and how they work

Which of the following is a vital function of the integumentary system?

The skin synthesizes vitamin D.

Which of the following represents the chemical level of structure in the human body? Cells Tissues Atoms Organs Organ systems

atoms

lateral

away from the midline

A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be

away from the midline of the body

intermediate

between medial and lateral

The major organs of the skeletal system are the ________. brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors skeletal muscles pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs heart and blood vessels bones, cartilages, and joints

bones, cartiages, and joints

The heart and blood vessels are the primary organs of the ________ system. lymphatic integumentary muscular cardiovascular

cardiovascular

Which type of connective tissue is avascular?

cartilage

The major cell type of cartilage is the __

chondrocyte

What is required for simple diffusion to occur?

concentration gradient

Type of tissue that can be classified as loose or dense

connective tissue

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, insulate, and cushion together body tissues are classified as ________.

connective tissues

Tendons and ligaments are classified as __

dense connective (fibrous) tissue

If someone sitting at the other end of a bar is smoking, you may still breathe in some of the smoke. What process involves the movement of the smoke away from its source?

diffusion

When correctly situated in anatomical position, where are your feet in relation to your knees? Proximal Deep Distal Medial Superior

distal

A little girl on the playground fell and scraped her knee. You notice her knee shows no signs of bleeding. Therefore, this must be only a superficial scrape to the ________.

epidermis

Type of tissue that can be simple or stratified

epithelial tissue

The sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as ________ glands because they release secretions on to the skin's surface via ducts.

exocrine

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ________. to the side forward behind down

forward

anterior

front of the body

The skin and its appendages (nails, glands, and hairs) are collectively called the ________.

integumentary system

all the organ systems

integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive

What characteristic is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue?

involuntary contractions

What type of sensor monitors and responds to changes in the environment in a negative feedback loop? Control center Effector Receptor Stimulus

receptor

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

serous

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system. reproductive skeletal endocrine muscular

skeletal

Type of tissue that can be described as voluntary or involuntary

skeletal muscle tissue

Jan got her microscope slides mixed up in lab as they were unlabeled. The skin slide with abundant adipose tissue should be labeled as the ________.

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

People who wear antiperspirant with deodorant are trying to reduce the secretions of the ________.

sudoriferous glands

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________. break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues produce sperm and eggs control body activities through hormones released into the blood supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

What accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending on the age of the individual? Water Carbohydrates Carbon Minerals

water

Julia works in a walk-in clinic where several patients arrive with sunburns. How should she distinguish the first-degree and second-degree burns from one another?

Although both first-degree and second-degree burns produce red and painful skin and are partial thickness burns, only the second-degree burns produce blisters.

The illustration of simple cuboidal epithelium is ________

B

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

Explain the terms distal and proximal using an example.

Distal is farther away from the trunk of the body Proximal is closer to the trunk of the body An example of this would be my knee is proximal to the trunk of my body compared to my toes, they are distal to the trunk of my body

What stratum layer directly connects to the dermis?

Stratum basale

Burn patients have difficulty in regulating their body temperatures, in part due to the loss of their protective covering. Given your knowledge of how homeostatic control systems operate, predict why burn patients may often be cold.

They are missing their outer layer of skin that helps regulate their body temperature. Simce thry are missing this, their bodies can't get up to a certain temperature that would then regulate their temperature.

Ventral

Toward the belly

Where are mucous membranes found?

lining the inside of the stomach

What are the necessary life functions?

maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

The spinal cord is best described as _______ to the arms. lateral. medial. ventral (anterior). proximal.

medial

The "tanning" effect (darkening of the skin) that occurs when a person is exposed to the sun is due to the increased presence of ________.

melanin

superficial

near the surface

Irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of ________.

nervous tissue

Type of tissue that is found in the brain and spinal cord

nervous tissue

Which of the following levels of organization is inclusive of all others? Tissue level Organ level Organ system level Cellular level Chemical level

organ system level

Lines the lungs

pleura, a serous membrane

What is physiology?

the study of function of the body - how the body parts work and carry out their life sustaining activities

To perform heart surgery, an incision is made into the ________ cavity. abdominal thoracic cranial pelvic

thoracic

ventral body cavities

thoracic and abdominopelvic

Dorsal

toward the back

Posterior

toward the back

Cranial

toward the head

superior

toward the head

Caudal

toward the lower part of the body

medial

toward the midline

The diaphragm creates a ________ section by dividing the ventral body cavity into superior and inferior subdivisions. frontal (coronal) transverse (cross) midsagittal median

transverse

What is gross anatomy?

The study of body structures that can be observed without magnification

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin?

Vitamin D

T or F Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells are cells that move organs and body parts

true

Six levels of structural organization

1. atoms 2. cells 3. tissues 4. organs 5. organ systems 6. organisms

A wound care doctor tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red, swollen skin. The patient complains of pain. What feature of this burn distinguishes it from a first-degree burn?

Blisters

A body part that is considered lateral is understood to be ________.

away from the midline of the body

deep

away from the surface

dorsal body cavities

cranial and spinal cavities

The only dry membrane is the ________.

cutaneous membrane