Chapter 4 - Carbon Chemistry

How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell? Answers: 4 1 3 2

Selected Answer: 4

Which molecule is an alcohol? Answers: A E C D B

Selected Answer: A

Which is an carbonyl functional group? Answers: B C A D E

Selected Answer: B

Which is an carbonyl functional group? Answers: D A B C E

Selected Answer: B

Which is an carbonyl functional group? Answers: D E A C B

Selected Answer: B

Which is a carboxyl group? Answers: B D E A C

Selected Answer: C

Which molecule can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid? Answers: D A B E C

Selected Answer: D

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study formation of organic compounds? Answers: Friedrich Wohler Hermann Kolbe Stanley Miller Jakob Berzelius August Kekule

Selected Answer: Stanley Miller

Which of the following best describes a carbonyl group? Answers: a carbon joined to two hydrogens by a single covalent bond an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen by a single covalent bond a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double bond

Selected Answer: a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double bond

Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in a seed-eating bird? Answers: all of the choices are correct none of the choices They were incorporated into organic molecules by plants They were processed into sugars through photosynthesis They are ultimately derived from carbon dioxide

Selected Answer: all of the choices are correct

Which of the following best describes a hydroxyl group? Answers: an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen by a single covalent bond a nitrogen and two hydrogens joined to a carbon by covalent bonds a carbon joined to two hydrogens by a single covalent bond a carbon atom joined to an oxygen by a double bond

Selected Answer: an oxygen atom joined to a hydrogen by a single covalent bond

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that Answers: are mirror images of one another differ in the location of their double bonds differ in their electrical charge have identical three dimensional shapes

Selected Answer: are mirror images of one another

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that Answers: differ in their electrical charge differ in the location of their double bonds have identical three dimensional shapes are mirror images of one another

Selected Answer: are mirror images of one another

Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown in the figure, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that Answers: lack an asymmetric carbon are mirror images of one another have identical three dimensional shapes differ in their electrical charge

Selected Answer: are mirror images of one another

Fructose and glucose differ in the... types of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms number of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds arrangement of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms

Selected Answer: arrangement of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms Answers:

Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of Answers: inorganic compounds carbon compounds functional groups vital forces interacting with matter water and its interaction with other kinds of molecules

Selected Answer: carbon compounds

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms? Answers: ionic, covalent and hydrogen ionic and covalent ionic covalent hydrogen

Selected Answer: covalent

The function of each protein is due to its specific shape. When a protein loses its shape due to either disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges or ionic bonds is called Answers: stabilization destabilization hydrolysis denaturation

Selected Answer: denaturation

Research indicates that Albuterol, a drug used to relax bronchial muscles, improving airflow and thus offering relief from asthma, consists only of one enantiomer, the R-form. Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantiomeric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers? Answers: different enantiomers may have different or opposite physiological effects it is much less expensive to synthesize one enantiomer at a time it is impossible to synthesize mixtures of enantiomers Albuterol is an example of a compound for which only one enantiomer exists

Selected Answer: different enantiomers may have different or opposite physiological effects

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? Answers: it should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent is should dissolve in water it won't form hydrogen bonds with water it lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.

Selected Answer: is should dissolve in water

A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound? Answers: it won't form hydrogen bonds with water it should dissolve in a nonpolar solvent is should dissolve in water it lacks an asymmetric carbon, and it is probably a fat or lipid.

Selected Answer: is should dissolve in water

Shown here, the structures of glucose and fructose are Answers: geometric isomers geometric isotopes enantiomers structural isomers

Selected Answer: structural isomers

The two molecules shown are best described as Answers: radioactive isotopes optical isomers structural isomers geometric isomers non-radioactive isotopes

Selected Answer: structural isomers

Why are hydrocarbons insoluble in water? Answers: they exhibit considerable molecular complexity and diversity they are lighter, less dense, than water the majority of their bonds are polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages the majority of their bonds are non-polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages they are hydrophilic

Selected Answer: the majority of their bonds are non-polar covalent carbon to hydrogen linkages

Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers? Answers: they have different molecular formulas they have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images they have variations in arrangement around a double bond they have the same chemical properties

Selected Answer: they have variations in arrangement around a double bond