Chapter 4 Connect

information processing theory

basis for the cognitive theory of transfer

verbal information

concerned with names, labels, facts, and bodies of knowledge

cognitive skills

determine the process of learning

intellectual skills

include concepts and rules that are used to solve problems, create products, and serve customers

performance orientation

motivates individuals to concentrate on the execution of a task

learning orientation

motivates individuals to improve their ability or competence in a task

needs emphasized by David McClelland's need theory

need for affiliation, achievement, and power

training administration

process of coordinating activities before, during, and after a training program

instruction

refers to the manipulation of the environment by a trainer to facilitate learning among trainees

social learning theory

suggests individuals learn new behaviors or skills wither by experiencing the outcomes of their own behavior or by observing the outcomes of others behaviors

training context

the physical, intellectual, and emotional environment in which training occurs

andragogy

theory of adult learning

far transfer

trainees' ability to apply general principles learned in training to the work situation *open skills*

near transfer

trainees; ability to apply learned capabilities exactly to the work situation *closed skills*

expectancy

willingness to attend a training and an ability to interpret the purpose and likely benefits of the instruction on the job

order of processes involved in learning according to Social Learning Theory

1. attention 2. retention 3. motor reproduction 4. motivational process

stages in the learning cycle

1. concrete experience 2. reflective observation 3. abstract conceptualization 4. active experimentation

steps n self-management process

1. decide degree of negative and positive reactions for implementing new capabilities 2. determining goals and implementing new capabilities 3. implementing new capabilities on the job 4. observing the application of new capabilities on the job 5. self-reinforcement

task characteristics that influence training

1. frequency of practice 2. physical requirements 2. overall task complexity 3. mental requirements