Chapter 4: HFW, Forearm, & Elbow
an elbow has been ordered, but the patient cannot extend the elbow for the AP. what should be done?
-AP proximal forearm parallel to IR -Ap distal humerus parallel to IR
fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of distal radius:
barton fracture
The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the: -intercarpal -interphalangeal -carpometacarpal -proximal metacarpophalangeal
carpometacarpal
distal articulation with hamate:
fifth carpometacarpal joint
contains only two phalanges:
first digit
central ray location for thumb:
first metacarpophalangeal joint
a metabolic disorder usually leading to excessive uric acid involves toes most frequently:
gout
articulates with first metacarpal:
greater multangular
carpal articulating with thumb:
greater multangular
what is the other name for trapezium?
greater multangular
large lateral process below anatomical neck:
greater tuberosity
bone not fractured all the way across:
greenstick fx
Which carpal articulates with both the fourth and fifth metacarpals? -triquetrum -hamate -capitate -trapezoid
hamate
medial carpal in distal row:
hamate
unciform is also the __________:
hamate
which of the carpals has a hook-like projection extending anteriorly?
hamate
what fracture has fragments driven into each other:
impacted fx
How many carpal bones are found in one wrist? -14 -10 -8 -6
8
how many carpal bones are found in the wrist? -5 -7 -8 -14
8
a patient arrives in radiology with a metal foreign body in the palm of the hand. which of the following hand routines should be performed on this patient to confirm the location of the foreign body? -PA and gaynor-hart method -PA and lateral in extension projections -PA and fan lateral projections -PA and lateral in flexion projections
PA and lateral in extension projections
central ray directed to anticubital space:
AP elbow
what projection applies with radial head should be projected free of the ulna?
AP lateral oblique projection
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition? -AP -lateral -AP oblique with internal rotation -AP oblique with external rotation
AP oblique with external rotation
which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition? -AP -AP oblique with internal rotation -lateral -AP oblique with external rotation
AP oblique with external rotation
what projection applies with humeral epicondyles should not be rotated or superimposed?
AP projection
forearm supinated to include both joints:
AP projection of forearm
central ray directed to surgical neck:
AP projection of humerus
what projection applies with distal humerus will be foreshortened?
AP proximal forearm projection (partially flexed elbow)
the two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are the: -symphysis pubis and the greater trochanter -ASIS and the crest of ilium -ischial spine and the symphysis pubis -ASIS and the symphysis pubis
ASIS and symphysis pubis
what projections should usually be taken with an extremity in a cast?
PA/AP & lateral
which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile? -lateral rotation oblique -AP -lateral -medial rotation oblique
lateral
a patient enters the ED with a possible scaphoid fracture. the patient is unable to assume the ulnar deviation position. which of the following positions should be performed to confirm the diagnosis? -modified stecher -jones -gaynor-hart -coyle
modified stecher
A lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates about half of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna. Which of the following occurred? -the hand was pronated rather than in a true lateral position -the hand and wrist were rotated laterally and not in a true lateral position -the shoulder was not dropped sufficiently to the tabletop level -no positioning errors occurred
no positioning errors occurred
a lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates about half of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna. which of the following occurred? -the hand was pronated rather than in a true lateral position -no positioning errors occurred -the hand and wrist were rotated laterally and not in a true lateral position
no positioning errors occurred
a projection of the elbow where the condyles and epicondyles are neither parallel nor perpendicular is said to be a _________ position/projection.
oblique
A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor. -perpendicular -adjacent -parallel -axial
parallel
a general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part _____ to the long axis of the image receptor -adjacent -perpendicular -axial -parallel
parallel
how should the humeral epicondyles appear in the lateral projection of the elbow? __________
parallel
The first carpometacarpal joint is classified as a _____ joint. -saddle -ginglymus -plane -trochoidal
saddle
The ulnar deviation is utilized to visual the: -scaphoid -trapezium -trapezoid -capitate
scaphoid
which carpal is most commonly fractured?
scaphoid
in the lateral projection, which carpals are located most anteriorly?
scaphoid or trapezium
closed fx; no placement:
simple fx
fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement:
smith fracture
The smooth, depressed, center portion of the trochlea used for evaluating rotation on a lateral elbow is termed the trochlear: -process -fossa -depression -sulcus
sulcus
Which two structures primarily form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint? -trochlea and olecranon process -capitulum and trochlea -coronoid process and coronoid fossa -coronoid fossa and trochlea
trochlea and olecranon process
the radiographic criteria for a true lateral finger indicate equal concavity of the anterior and posterior aspects of the phalanges. -true -false
true
which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad? -true AP with no rotation -lateral rotation oblique -true lateral with 90º flexion -coyle method
true lateral with 90º flexion
crown of distal phalanx:
tuft
When doing an oblique projection of the hand, which bone(s) would be closest to the cassette? -1st metacarpal -radius -ulna -scaphoid
ulna
large bone of forearm:
ulna
The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: -radial deviation -ulnar deviation -radial abduction -ulnar extension
ulnar deviation
the bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: -radial abduction -ulnar deviation -ulnar extension -radial deviation
ulnar deviation
what is an optimal projection taken if the navicular is the area of interest?
ulnar deviation
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna? -styloid process -radial notch -ulnar notch -coronoid tubercle
ulnar notch
fits into head of ulna:
ulnar notch
small depression on medial aspect of distal radius:
ulnar notch
Which two structures form the distal radioulnar joint? -radial notch and radial head -ulnar notch and head of ulna -radial tuberosity and ulna notch -coronoid tubercle and radial notch
ulnar notch and head of ulna
name the examination and projection/position of the head of ulna:
wrist & PA oblique lateral/external rotation
the depression superior to the trochlea is the ___________.
coronoid fossa
The radiocarpal (wrist) joint possesses a(n) ____ type of joint movement. -ellipsoidal -ginglymus -plane -pivot
ellipsoidal
the first metacarpophalangeal joint has a(n) ________ type of joint movement. -plane -ellipsoidal -saddle -pivot
ellipsoidal
the radiocarpal (wrist) joint possesses a(n) ________ type of joint movement. -ginglymus -plane -ellipsoidal -pivot
ellipsoidal
demonstrates radial head and neck region:
external oblique
patient's arm rotated so thumb touches tabletop:
external oblique
demonstrates greater tuberosity in profile:
external rotation of humerus
when evaluating an image of the lateral forearm, the humeral epicondyles should be mostly superimposed.
false
Which carpal bone is the smallest? -hamate -pisiform -lunate -scaphoid
pisiform
medial carpal in proximal row:
pisiform
only carpal with just one name:
pisiform
How many phalanges are there in the hand? how many metacarpals are there? how many carpals are there? how may total?
-14 -5 -8 -27
name the joints of the 1st digit:
-1st MCP joint -1st IP joint
what are the basic projections of the thumb?
-AP -internal oblique -lateral
name the joints of the 2nd-5th digits:
-MCP -PIP -DIP
what are the basic projections of the wrist?
-PA -external oblique -lateral
where is the coronoid and radial fossa located?
-anterior humerus -indentions in humerus directly above capitulum and trochlea
what are the names of the metacarpal joints: -proximal end -distal end
-carpometacarpal joint -metacarpophalangeal joint
list two ways motion can be avoided on extremities:
-communication -immobilization devices -short exposure time
indicate which bone of the forearm articulates most directly with the: -carpal bones -humerus
-distal radius -proximal ulna
how does the radiographer correctly judge the position of the patient's arm for a/an -AP humerus -lateral humerus
-epicondyle parallel to IR -epicondyle perpendicular to IR
what conversion rules can be used for changing exposure factors from non-cast screen techniques to a cast?
-fiberglass +3-4 kVp -larger cast +8-10 kVp -smaller cast +5-7 kVp
what is the criteria for a true lateral of the elbow?
-have the forearm and humerus in the same place -adjust the hand and wrist into a lateral with the thumb up
list three types of pathology that would require a 3-way abdomen:
-ileus (bowel obstruction) -ascites (excess fluid in abdomen) -intra-abdominal masses -post-op
name the parts of the 1st digit (thumb):
-proximal phalanx -distal phalanx
name the parts of the 2nd-5th digits:
-proximal phalanx -middle phalanx -distal phalanx
the movements of supination and pronation of the hand result from action at which two joints?
-proximal radioulnar joint -distal radioulnar joint
what are the carpals in the proximal row and what are their alternate names?
-scaphoid (navicular), lunate (semilunar), triquentrum (triangular or cuneiform), pisiform (none)
should the hand be pronated, supinated, or lateral for the following? -AP forearm -AP elbow -Internal oblique of elbow -Lateral elbow -Lateral forearm -External oblique of elbow
-supinated -supinated -pronated -lateral -lateral -supinated
what is one important difference in basic projections between the thumb and the fingers?
-thumb is AP; fingers 2-5 are PA -4-5 are external obliques; 1-3 are internal obliques
where is the CR for the thumb?
1st MCP joint
where is the CR on fingers?
1st proximal interphalangeal joint
what are the basic projections of the hand?
3 -PA -external oblique -fan lateral
where is the CR for the hand?
3rd MCP joint
How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow? -30º -45º -90º -20º
45º
how many degrees should the distal humerus be rotated for either an internal or external oblique of the elbow?
45º
how much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow? -45º -20º -30º -90º
45º
what degree of rotation is needed for the oblique hand?
45º
From a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand? -45º medial rotation -30º to 35º lateral rotation -30º to 35º medial rotation -45º lateral rotation
45º lateral rotation
from a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand? -30º to 35º medial rotation -45º lateral rotation -30º to 35º rotation -45º medial rotation
45º lateral rotation
what projection applies with coronoid process should be seen in profile?
Ap medial oblique projection
A dorso-palmar projection of the hand could also be described as a (an) ________ projection. -lateral -RAO -PA -AP
PA
best demonstrates olecranon fossa:
acute flexion
slight constricted area below humeral head:
anatomical neck
Where is the central ray (CR) placed for a PA projection of the third digit? -at the distal interphalangeal joint -at the head of the third metacarpal -at the metacarpophalangeal joint -at the proximal interphalangeal joint
at the proximal interphalangeal joint
where is the central ray (CR) placed for a PA projection of the third digit? -at the head of the third metacarpal -at the distal interphalangeal joint -at the metacarpophalangeal joint -at the proximal interphalangeal joint
at the proximal interphalangeal joint
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand? -at the third proximal interphalangeal joint -at the third metacarpophalangeal joint -at the base of the third metacarpal -at the third distal interphalangeal joint
at the third metacarpophalangeal joint
where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand? -at the third metacarpophalangeal joint -at the third distal interphalangeal joint -at the third proximal interphalangeal joint -at the base of the third metacarpal
at the third metacarpophalangeal joint
fracture of base of first metacarpal:
bennett's fracture
depression located between the tuberosities:
bicipital groove
transverse fracture through fifth metacarpal neck:
boxer's fracture
the depression on the anterior distal humerus is the:
coronoid fossa
inflammation of the bursal sac, may lead to calcifications in joint:
bursitis
Which of the carpal bones is considered to be the largest? -hamate -triquetrum -triangular -capitate
capitate
os magnum is also the ______
capitate
which of the carpal bones is considered to be the largest? -capitate -trapezium -triquetrum -hamate
capitate
cap over head of radius:
capitellum
located on lateral humerus articulating with head of radius:
capitellum
the head of the radius articulates with the _________ of the humerus.
capitulum
which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral? -head of ulna -trochlea -coronoid tuberacle -capitulum
capitulum
which part of the distal humerus is located most laterally?
capitulum
which special projection of the wrist is ideal for demonstrating possible calcification in the dorsal aspect of the carpals? -carpal canal -carpal bridge -lateral wrist -ulnar deviation
carpal bridge
fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement:
colles' fracture
splintered or crushed; many pieces:
comminuted fx
what type of fracture leads to another type of tissue injury:
complicated fx:
opne fx; breaks through the skin:
compound fx
on flexion of the elbow, the coronoid process moves into the ____________
coronoid fossa
a patient enters the ED with an elbow injury. the partially flexed AP and lateral positions reveal a possible fracture of the coronoid process. the patient's elbow is partially flexed and he refuses to extend it farther. which one of the following positions/projections should be performed to confirm the fracture of the coronoid process? -AP-acute flexion -gaynor-hart method -coyle method with 80º flexion, CR angled 45º away from shoulder -coyle method with 90º flexion, CR angled 45º toward the shoulder
coyle method with 80º flexion, CR angled 45º away from shoulder
demonstrates radial head and capitellum:
coyle trauma position
skull fracture flat bone:
depressed fx
radiocarpal joint:
diarthrodial
45 degrees oblique with lateral rotation:
digits 3-5
what is bronchiectasis?
dilation of bronchial tubes
Name the examination and projection/position of the medial epicondyle of humerus:
elbow & AP
name the examination and projection/position of the head of radius:
elbow & AP external oblique & a lateral
name the examination and projection/position of the coronoid process:
elbow & AP oblique medial/internal rotation
name the examination and projection/position of the olecranon process:
elbow & lateral
Which of the following demonstrates the radial head using the trauma lateral coyle method routine? -elbow flexed 80º, CR angled 45º away from shoulder -elbow flexed 90º, CR angled 30º toward shoulder -elbow flexed 90º, CR angled 45º toward shoulder -elbow flexed 90º, CR perpendicular to image receptor
elbow flexed 90º, CR angled 45º toward shoulder
a radiograph of an AP projection of the elbow reveals that there is complete separation of the proximal radius and ulna. what positioning error has been committed? -excessive lateral rotation -incorrect CR location and angle -partial flexion of the joint -excessive medial rotation
excessive lateral rotation
a radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand reveals that the midshaft of the fourth and fifth metacarpals is superimposed. what specific positioning error has been committed? -incorrect CR angulation -insufficient rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally -fingers of the hand are not parallel to IR -excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally
excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally
special projection for carpal canal:
gaynor-hart
The interphalangeal joints have a(n) _____ type of joint movement. -plane -saddle -ellipsoidal -ginglymus
ginglymus
interphalangeal joints are of this type:
ginglymus
the interphalangeal joints have a(n) ________ type of joint movement. -ginglymus -ellipsoidal -saddle -plane
ginglymus
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna? -coronoid process -head -olecranon process -all are found on the distal aspect
head
located near elbow joint at proximal end:
head of radius
located near the wrist above styloid:
head of ulna
entire distal end of the humerus:
humeral condyle
What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow? -ulnar and radial heads -humeral epicondyles -humeral condyles -trochlea and capitulum
humeral epicondyles
what two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow? -trochlea and capitulum -humeral condyles -ulnar and radial heads -humeral epicondyles
humeral epicondyles
when performing an elbow examination, in addition to the forearm, what anatomy should be resting on the table?
humerus
name the examination and projection/position of the greater tubercle(osity):
humerus & Ap external rotation
what is pleurisy?
inflammation of pleura surrounding lungs
A radiograph of the PA scaphoid reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjacent carpals. Which of the following factors can lead to this problem? -elevation of the hand and wrist -insufficient ulnar deviation -insufficient CR angle distally -slight flexion of the phalanges
insufficient ulnar deviation
a radiograph of the PA scaphoid projection reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid and adjacent carpals. which of the following factors can lead to this problem? -slight flexion of the phalanges -insufficient CR angle distally -insufficient ulnar deviation -elevation of the hand and wrist
insufficient ulnar deviation
This is a(n) ______ projection -external oblique -internal oblique -AP projection -PA projection
internal oblique
demonstrates coronoid process of ulna:
internal oblique
What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit? -proximal interphalangeal -distal interphalangeal -metacarpophalangeal -interphalangeal
interphalangeal
which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated? -ASIS -ischial tuberosity -ischial spine -symphysis pubis
ischial spine
clearly demonstrates a profile of olecranon:
lateral elbow
the visualization of the olecranon without superimposition of other body structures seen in a ________ radiographic image.
lateral elbow
small projection on lateral distal humerus:
lateral epicondyle
central ray midshaft with thumb up an elbow flexed 90º:
lateral forearm
central ray to second metcarpophalangeal joint:
lateral hand
a patient is brought to the radiology department with a suspected fracture of the radial head what radiographic image must be included to ensure its visualization?
lateral oblique
name the examination that will best demonstrate the trochlear notch in profile:
lateral of the elbow
what projection applies with olecranon process should be seen in profile:
lateral projection
on which side of the hand is the 1st metacarpal?
lateral side in anatomical position
trauma routine for proximal humerus:
lateral transthoracic
where does the capitulum lie in comparison to the trochlea?
laterally
second carpal in proximal row:
lunate
a radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius directly superimposed over the ulna and the coronoid process in profile. which projection of the elbow has been performed? -lateral -AP -lateral (external) rotation oblique -medial (internal) rotation oblique
medial (internal) rotation oblique
large prominence on humerus proximal to the trochlea:
medial epicondyle
what position of the elbow should clearly demonstrate the coronoid process?
medial oblique
what radiographic method best demonstrate the coronoid process of the ulna?
medial oblique of elbow
each hand contain five __________:
metacarpals
makes up the palm:
metacarpals
what are the anatomical names of the bones of the palm?
metacarpals
central ray location for PA wrist:
midcarpal area
What is the other name for scaphoid?
navicular
carpal most commonly fractured:
navicular
lies in close proximity to distal radius:
navicular
scaphoid is also the ________:
navicular
ulnar flexion demonstrates the _______:
navicular
tapered area below radial head:
neck of radius
found on one hand relating to joints:
nine interphalangeal joints
demonstrates all associated joints:
oblique position
beaklike processes on proximal ulna:
olecranon and coronoid
deep posterior depression on distal humerus:
olecranon fossa
the depression on the posterior distal humerus is the:
olecranon fossa
Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal? -head of ulna -radial styloid process -olecranon process -radial tuberosity
olecranon process
which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal? -radial styloid process -radial tuberosity -head of ulna -olecranon process
olecranon process
what is the other name for capitate?
os magnum
proper positioning for radiographic image of the humerus in the anteroposterior projection will required that the coronal plane passing between the epicondyles by adjusted to the image receptor ___________.
parallel
with reference of the plane of the IR, how should the humeral condyles be when the patient is positioned for the AP position of the forearm?
parallel to IR
what is atelectasis?
partial collapse of lung
A patient enters the ED in severe pain with a possible dislocation of the elbow. The patient has the elbow flexed more than 90º. Which of the following routines should be performed to confirm the diagnosis? -partially flexed AP and limited lateral projections -coyle method and limited lateral projection -jones method and limited lateral projection -lateral elbow only
partially flexed AP and limited lateral projections
what is a pneumothorax?
perforation/hole in lung allowing air to escape into thoracic cavity.
how should the humeral epicondyles be aligned for a lateral projection of the elbow? -30º to image receptor -parallel to image receptor -45º to image receptor -perpendicular to image receptor
perpendicular to image receptor
one hand contains 14 _______:
phalanges
increase mAs twofold and kV 10%:
postreduction wrist (wet cast)
an AP forearm is done with the hand supinated to:
prevent superimposition/crossover of radius and ulna
why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand? -prevents foreshortening of radiocarpal joint -prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscurring of interphalangeal joints -demonstrates the seasmoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint -opens up the carpometacarpal joint
prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints
if the radius and ulna are crossed over each other on an AP forearm image, the hand was likely _______
pronated
A rotational movement of the hand starting from the anatomic position and ending with the palmar surface closest to the cassette is termed: -supination -pronation -abduction -adduction
pronation
Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna? -supination of the hand -pronation of the hand -placing epicondyles parallel to the image receptor -external rotation of the elbow
pronation of the hand
central ray location for digits 2-5:
proximal intrphalangeal joints
where is the coronoid tuberacle located?
proximal medial aspect of ulna
the structure illustrated to the right is the: (proximal or distal) (radius or ulna)
proximal ulna
central ray angled 20º towards elbow:
radial deviation
special projection for navicular:
radial deviation
shallow depression on lateral proximal ulna:
radial notch
located at distal radius on thumb side:
radial styloid process
rough oval process on medial radius:
radial tuberosity
lateral bone of forearm:
radius
which of the bones of the forearm is located most laterally?
radius
a radiograph of a PA projection of the hand reveals that the distal radius and ulna and the carpals were cut off. what should the technologist do to correct this problem? -make sure the carpals, distal radius, and ulna are included on the lateral projection -repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna -accept the radiograph. carpals, distal radius and ulna are not part of a hand study -if the injury to the patient did not involve the carpal region and distal forearm, do not repeat it
repeat the PA projection to include all the carpals and about 1 inch of the distal radius and ulna
an inflammatory disease causing overgrowth of synovial tissue which destroys cartilage and bone-thought to be an autoimmune system failure:
rheumatoid arthritis
concave depression on proximal ulna:
semilunar notch
oblique position for hand:
semipronation
oblique position for wrist:
semipronation
in children at epiphyseal plate:
separation of epiphysis
located midhumerus:
shaft
distal ends of radius and ulna:
styloid process
located on distal radius and ulna:
styloid process
which of the following structures is considered to be most distal? -radial tuberosity -capitulum -radial head -styloid processes
styloid processes
why should a forearm never be done using a PA projection?
superimposition of radius & ulna
a radiographic image of the forearm is to be obtained in the AP projection. to avoid the crossing of the radius and ulna during this projection the wrist should be __________.
supinated
why is it important for the shoulder to lie on the same plane as the elbow for elbow examinations?
to not close joint spaces or distort structures
tapered area below head and tuberosities:
surgical neck
when radiographing a lateral elbow, what should be the extent of extension or flexion of the elbow?
the elbow should be flexed 90º
valid evaluation criteria for a lateral projection of the forearm include:
the radius and ulna should be superimposed -the radial tuberosity should face anteriorly
distal articulation with capitate:
third metacarpal
central ray location for a PA hand:
third metacarpophalangeal joint
why should short distance, detail screens, small focal spot M.A.m stations, and close collimation be used if possible for extremities?
to identify hair line fractures
why is it important to keep the digit parallel to the film on oblique and lateral projections?
to keep the joint space open
What is the purpose of performing the AP partially flexed projections of the elbow? -to provide a view of the radial head and capitulum -to separate the radial head from the ulna -to provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow -to demonstrate any possible elevated fat pads
to provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow
what is the purpose of performing the AP partially flexed projections of the elbow? -to provide a view of the radial head and capitulum -to provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow -to demonstrate any possible elevated fat pads -to separate the radial head from the ulna
to provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow
The first metacarpal articulates with which carpal bone? -trapezium -scaphoid -lunate -hamate
trapezium
what are the carpals in the distal row and what are their alternate names?
trapezium (greater multangular), trapezoid (lesser multangular), capitate (os magnum), hamate (unciform)
lesser multangular is also the __________:
trapezoid
triquetrum is also the _________
triangular
what is the other name for triquetrum?
triangular or cuneiform
located on medial humerus articulating with ulna:
trochlea
the ulna articulates with the __________ of the humerus.
trochlea
what portion of the humerus articulates with the ulna to help form the elbow joint?
trochlea
with which part of the humerus does the semilunar notch of the ulna articulate?
trochlea