Chapter 4

Anatomy of Hair

Shaft, root, hair bulb, hair papilla, matrix, arrector pilli muscle.

Which type of skin cancer is the least malignant but most common

basal cell carcinoma

what are the three main layers of the skin

epidermis, dermis, hypodermis

what organs make up the integumentary system

hair, skin, nails

What type of burn damages the skin so severely that regeneration of the damaged tissue is NOT possible

third-degree burn

what percent of body weight is the skin

16%

Reticular layer

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients

Which of these statements describes the papillary layer of the skin

Dermal papillae contain capillary loops to nourish the epidermis.

Dermis

Inner layer of skin

If a person has third-degree burns on both anterior and posterior surfaces of the lower limbs, what percentage of the body surface area is burned

36 percent

Basal cell carcinoma

Least malignant and most common type of skin cancer, Grows slowly and seldom metastasizes before being noticed

What is melanoma and what does it look like?

Melanoma is a type of cancer that begins in melanocytes, The shape of one half does not match the other half. Border that is irregular: The edges are often ragged, notched, or blurred in outline. The pigment may spread into the surrounding skin. Color that is uneven: Shades of black, brown, and tan may be present

Which structures are located in the epidermis

Merkel cells or discs

Sudoriferous(Sweat) glands

Merocrine and ceruminous and apocrine glands

Seabaceous gland

Simple acinar, holocrine, duct opens into hair follicle. Secrete sebum.

Apocrine(sweat) gland

Simple tubular, found in armpit and genital regions. Secretions are viscous (functions at puberty and stimulated during stress or sexual arousal).

Merocrine (Eccrine) Gland

Simple tubular, found in palms, soles, and forehead, controlled by nervous system. thermoregulation and excretion antibacterial action Watery secretion with electrolytes regulates boy temp and does waste removal.

Ceruminous (Wax) Gland

Simple tubular, merocrine, found in external auditory meatus (Ear). Excretes cerumen

First degree burn

Superficial burns through only the epidermis.

What is the difference between UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C radiation?

UV-A is long wave length, UV-B and UV-C have short wave lengths. UV-A and some UV-B are transmitted through the atmosphere. All of UV-C and some UV-B are absorbed by earth's ozone layer.

Third degree burn

a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue

Which of the following conditions is most likely to result in permanent hair loss

a family history of baldness

Stratum lucidum

a layer of the epidermis found only in the thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles

Stratum granulosum

a layer of the epidermis that marks the transition between the deeper, metabolically active strata and the dead cells of the more superficial strata

Stratum Spinosum

a layer of the epidermis that provides strength and flexibility to the skin

what is the number one risk factor for cancer

age

There are three types of skin cancers. Which one(s) are derived from epithelial cells of the epidermis

both types of carcinoma (basal cell and squamous cell)

What pigment found in skin originates from outside the body

carotene

What causes hair to stand up and the skin to dimple when one is cold or frightened

contraction of arrector pili muscles

What condition occurs when hemoglobin is deprived of oxygen?

cyanosis

Cerumen

ear wax

Which glands play a role in thermoregulation

eccrine glands

What is the function of epidermal dendritic cells

ingest foreign substances and activate the immune system

what are the 4 types of cells that make up the epidermis and what is the function of these cells

keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells.

List 3 risk factors that you personally may have for skin cancer

lighter skin (less melanin), genetics, history of sunburns

Vitiligo

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches

Which effect of aging is accelerated by smoking and sun exposure

loss of skin elasticity

Which type of skin cancer the least common but is the cause of most skin-cancer-related deaths

melanoma

What type of membrane is composed of epithelium resting on the lamina propria, a loose connective tissue membrane

mucous membrane

Sebum

oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands

Which cavity would be lined with a mucous membrane

oral cavity

Papillary Layer

outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis

Stratum corneum

outermost layer of epidermis

What is the function of the keratin found within skin cells

prevents water loss

what are the functions of the skin

protection, regulation, and sensation

What prevents skin from becoming brittle

sebum

What type of burn does a patient have if blisters are present and the affected area is painful

second degree

What type of membrane lines the compartments of the ventral body cavity and produces a lubricant that allows organs to move against neighboring organs without friction

serous membrane

What type of membrane provides lubrication to the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities

serous membrane

What type of tissue makes up the epidermis of the skin

stratified squamous epithelium

Which layer of the epidermis contains the greatest concentration of keratin

stratum corneum

What epidermal layer consists of multiple layers of living keratinocytes and scattered dendritic cells

stratum spinosum

Which membrane is composed of areolar connective tissue and NOT an epithelial tissue

synovial membrane

Stratum Basale

the deepest layer of the epidermis consisting of stem cells capable of undergoing cell division to form new cells

Because the epidermis is avascular, how does it get its nutrients

through diffusion out of the vessels in the dermis

How is the rule of nines used by a clinician

to estimate fluid lost by the body by determining the extent of burns

Which organic compound is produced by skin cells

vitamin D

shaft of hair

(Inside skin layer) Medulla, Cortex, Cuticle

By what percentage does use of tanning devices increase the chance of developing skin cancer?

69%

How many people are diagnosed with skin cancer annually

9,500

Second Degree Burn

A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn.

Albinism

Absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes

Squamous cell carcinoma

Arises from cells in stratum spinosum, Grows rapidly and metastasizes to lymph nodes if not removed

What is basal cell carcinoma and what does it look like

Basal cell carcinoma is a form of skin cancer that grows on areas of skin that are exposed to a lot of sunlight and UV radiation, small "pearly" bump that looks like a flesh-colored mole or a pimple that doesn't go away

Melanoma

Cancer of pigment-producing skin cells, Metastasizes rapidly through lymph and blood vessels, Evaluated using the ABCD rule

What is squamous cell carcinoma and what does it look like?

Cancer that begins in squamous cells, dome-shaped bump or a red, scaly patch of skin