Chapter 4 Oceanography- Marine Sediments

Which of the following conditions allows for calcareous ooze to exist beneath the CCD? ​Select only one answer.

A layer of clay buries the ooze before the sea floor subsides.

Which of the following are microscopic, single-celled floating algae that accumulate to form biogenous sediment? ​Choose all that apply.

Coccolithophores, diatoms,

Which of the following statements correctly interpret the environmental conditions associated with types of biogenous deposits?

Diatomaceous ooze on the sea floor indicates cool surface water above, Foraminifer ooze on the sea floor means warm surface water above, Coccolith ooze on the sea floor indicates the water is shallower than 4000 meters.

Evaporites, such as salts and gypsum, occur when

Evaporation exceeds rainfall.

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?

From smallest to largest, which list of sediment particle sizes is in the correct order?

Ooze-type sediment would be more prevalent at ____ than at ____.

K than at F

Which of the following organisms are responsible for the creation of siliceous ooze? ​

Radiolarians, diatoms

In which of the following environments would you expect lithogenous sediment to be the dominant sediment type?

a sandy beach, the abyssal plains, at the base of the continental shelf

Siliceous ooze most often forms

beneath cold, highly productive areas

You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biological productivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of

clay

You add sand, silt, and clay to a jar of water, shake the jar vigorously, and allow the sediment to settle. The resulting sediment will most closely resemble that of a

continental rise

Of the following, which energy resource(s) can be extracted from marine sediments? ​Choose all that apply.

gas hydrates and petroleum

Calcareous sediments are unlikely to dissolve in water that is

high temperature

Salt beds of the U.S. Gulf Coast are

hydrogenous sediments

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered hydrogenous? ​

manganese nodules and coating of metal sulfides near black

Cosmogenous sediments are

mostly microscopic

Marine sediments provide valuable clues about which of the following Earth history events?

movement of the ocean floor, the ancient geographical locations of ocean basins, the climate on Earth millions of years ago, previous ocean circulation patterns, past catastrophes and major extinction events.

Marine sediment with more than 30% biogenous material is called

ooze

The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is

quartz

Lithogenous sediments are derived from

rocks

Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by

rotary drilling

Neritic sediments are most likely to be composed of

sand, silt, and gravel

Of the following sediments, which one(s) is/are considered biogenous?

tests of foraminifers and radiolarian ooze

Oozes are uncommon on continental margins because

the biogenous component tends to be overwhelmed by the amount of lithogenous material derived from the nearby continent

Of the following types of lithogenous sediment, which one(s) would you expect to find very far from the location of origin?

volcanic ash, quartz slit

Hydrogenous sediments are derived from

water chemistry

Sediments with all grains of about the same size are classified as

well sorted