Chapter 4

Basic Anxiety

According to Karen Horney, a child's fear of being alone, helpless and insecure that arises from problems with one's parents

Withdrawn Style

According to Karen Horney, a mode of adapting to the whole used by those who believe that it is best not to engage emotionally at all

Aggressive Style

According to Karen Horney, a mode of adapting to the world used by those who believe in fighting to get by

Passive Style

According to Karen Horney, a mode of adapting to the world used by those who believe that they can get along best by being compliant

Symbiotic Psychotic

According to Margaret Mahler, a forming of emotional ties that are so strong that a child is unable to form a sense of self

Normal Symbiotic

According to Margaret Mahler, the forming of ties between a child and mother in which the child develops empathy and the sense of being a separate but loving person

Real Self

Karen Horney's concept of the inner core of personality that we perceive about ourselves, including out potential for self-realization

Despised Self

Karen Horney's concept of the part of personality consisting of perceptions of our inferiority and short-comings, often based on others' negative evaluations of us and our resulting helplessness

Ideal Self

Karen Horney's concept of the self that we view as perfection and hope to achieve, as molded by perceived inadequacies

Extroversion

(Jung) A term used by Carl Jung to describe the direction of the libidio, or psychic energy, toward things in the external world

Introversion

(Jung) A term used by Carl Jung to describe the direction of the libidio, or psychic energy, toward things in the internal world

Fictional Goals

According to Alfred Adler, striving for self-improvement that very from person to person but that reflect an individual's view of perfection

Love Tasks

According to Alfred Adler, the fundamental social issue of finding a suitable life partner

Shadow Archetype

According to Carl Jung, the archetype representing the dark and unacceptable side of personality

Anima

According to Carl Jung, the archetype representing the female element of a man

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A disorder in which one feels powerless and dependent yet appears to be authoritative and self-aggrandizing

Complex

A group of emotionally charges thoughts, feeling and ideas that are related to a particular theme

Phlegmatic

A personality type based on ancient Greek humors discussed by Hipocrates and Galen in which one is apathetic and conforming on the outside by tense and distraught on the inside

Melancholic

A personality type based on ancient Greek humors discussed by Hipocrates and Galen in which one is brooding, sad, and depressive

Chloeric

A personality type based on the ancient Greek humors discussed by Hippocrates and Galen in which one is angry against the arbitrary controls of one's life and has generally poor interpersonal relations

Sanguine

A personality type based on the ancient Greek humors discussed by Hippocrates and Galen in which one is hopeful and cheerful

Animus

According to Carl Jung, the archetype representing the male element of a women

Persona Archetype

According to Carl Jung, the archetype representing the socially acceptable front that is presented to other

Demon Archetype

According to Carl Jung, the archetype that embodies cruelly and evil

Mother Archetype

According to Carl Jung, the archetype that embodies generatively and fertility

Hero Archetype

According to Carl Jung, the archetype that represents a strong and good force that does battle with the enemy in order to rescuer another from harm

Collective Unconscious

According to Carl Jung, the component of the mind that contains a deeper level of unconsciousness make up of archetypes that are common across all people

Personal Unconscious

According to Carl Jung, the component of the mind that contains thoughts and feelings that aren to currently a part of conscious awareness

Ego Crises

In Erik Erikson's theory of identity, each other series of eight "crises" (conflicts of choices) that must be resolved, in sequence, for optimal psychological development

Identity Crisis

A term proposed by Erik Erikson to describe uncertainty about one's abilities, associations and future goals

Self- Presentation

A term used by Mark Snyder to describe doing what is socially expected

Life Tasks

A term used by Nancy Cantor to describe age-determined issues on which people are currently concentrating

Personal Strivings

A term used by Robert Emmons to describe abstract, overarching goals that may be satisfied by a number of different behaviors

Personal Projects

A tern used by Brian Little to describe tasks that people are currently working on that motivate them on a daily basis

Occupational Tasks

According to Alfred Adler, a fundamental social issue in which one must choose and pursue a career that makes one feel worthwhile

Societal Tasks

According to Alfred Adler, a fundamental social issue in which one must create friendships and social networks

Superiority Complex

According to Alfred Adler, an exaggerated arrogance that an individual develops in order to overcome an inferiority complex

Masculine Protest

According to Alfred Adler, an individual's attempt to be competent and independent rather than merely an outgrowth of his or her parents

Inferiority Complex

According to Alfred Adler, an individual's exaggerated feelings of personal incompetence that result from an overwhelming sense of helplessness or some experience that leaves him or her powerless

Perfection Striving

According to Alfred Adler, an individuals attempt to reach fictional goals by elimination his or her perceived flaws

Aggression Drive

Alfred Adler's concept that an individual is driven to lash out against the inability to achieve or mater something, as a reaction to perceived helplessness

Organ Inferiority

Alfred Adler's concept that everyone is born with some physical weakness at which point incapacity and disease are most likely to take place, but the body attempts to make up for the deficient in another area

Individual Psychology

Alfred Adler's theory of personality that stresses the unique motivation of individuals and the importance of each person's perceived nice in society

Archetypes

In Carl Jung's neo-analytic theory, emotional symbols that are common to all people and have been formed since the beginning of time

Gemeinschaftsgefuhl

Community feeling; Adler's term for a person's level of social interest

Neurotic Trend

In Karen Horney's approach, a strategy or pattern of interaction that becomes the predominant mode by which a neurotic individual defends against anxiety

Neurotic Need

In Karn Horney's approach, a need that is a dominant focus for neurotic individual

Ego

In psychoanalytical theory, the personality structure that develops to deal with the real world; in neo-analytic theory, this term refers to the individuality of a person that is the central core of personality; and specifically for Carl Jung, it is the aspect of personality that is conscious and embodies the sense of self

Self- Monitoring

Mark Snyder's concept of self-observation and self-control guided by situational cues about the social appropriateness of behavior

Neo-Analytic Approach

The approach to personality psychology that is concerned with the individual's sense of self (ego) as the core of personality

Object Relations Theories

The approach to personality that focuses on the objects of psychic drives and the importance of relations with other individuals in defining ourselves

Functionalism

The approach to psychology that declares that behavior and thought evolve as a result of their functionality for survival

Psyche

The essence of the human mind or spirit or soul; in Carl Jung's theory, personality as the dynamic sum of its parts

Identity Formation

The process of developing one's individual personality and concept of one's self