Chapter 4 Pos 2041
14th Amendment
The Civil war amendment that stated all citizens "equal protection of the laws" for slave or African-American
Women's Suffrage
was the movement for women to vote and run for office and is part of the overall women's right movement
Abolitionist Movement
was the social and political effort to end slavery everywhere. Fueled in part by religious fervor, the movement was led by people like Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth and John Brown.
Gerrymandering
Apportionment of voters in districts in such a way as to give unfair advantage to one racial or ethnic group or political party (drawing lines especially congressional for political benefit)
CA Propositions 8
Eliminates Right of Same-Sex Couples to Marry, was a statewide ballot proposition in California. On November 4, 2008, voters approved the measure and made same-sex marriage illegal in California. On Wednesday, August 4, 2010, a federal judge ruled that Proposition 8 is unconstitutional under the U.S. Constitution and barred its enforcement
EEOC
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission- is an agency of federal government, created by the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The purpose of the EEOC is to interpret and enforce federal laws prohibiting discrimination. It is a body that considers claims of discrimination in violation of this act.
Jim Crow Laws
Laws enacted by southern states following Reconstruction that discriminated against African Americans (blacks could not vote, mingle with whites, etc.)
CA Proposition 187
Made a database to keep illegal immigrants from using food and healthcare because they don't pay taxes to receive those benefits 1994
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of colored people. It is to secure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights in order to eliminate race-based discrimination and ensure the health and well-being of all persons.
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Protects blacks from discrimination by public accommodations
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Send federal agents into the cities and localities that were previously discriminated against when voting to make sure its being done right (mostly in the south)
The "Lemon Test"
States a law is unconstitutional if it's primary effect promotes or restricts religion
Alien and Sedition Acts
it a series of laws that made everyone a crime to say or publish anything that might tend to defame or bring into disrepute the government of the U.S.
Redlining
refers to a discriminatory pattern of disinvestment and obstructive lending practices that act as an impediment to home ownership among African Americans and other people of color.
busing
the practice of transporting students to schools within or outside their local school districts as a means of rectifying racial segregation. (thực hành vận chuyển học sinh đến các trường trong hoặc ngoài khu học chánh địa phương như một biện pháp khắc phục sự phân biệt chủng tộc.)
Civil Rights Act of 1964
this act outlawed segregation in public areas and granted the federal government power to fight black disfranchisement. The act also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to prevent discrimination in the work place. This act was the strongest civil rights legislation since Reconstruction and invalidated the Southern Caste System.
Civil Rights Act 1957
to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks. It was the first civil-rights bill to be enacted after Reconstruction which was supported by most non-southern whites.
Compromise of 1877
was an informal agreement between southern Democrats and allies of the Republican Rutherford Hayes to settle the result of the 1876 presidential election and marked the end of the Reconstruction era.
Civil right act of 1960
was intended to strengthen voting rights and expand the enforcement powers of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. It included provisions for federal inspection of local voter registration rolls and authorized court-appointed referees to help African Americans register and vote.