Chapter 4 Quiz - Anxiety Disorders and ODC
Cognitive-behavioral theorists have found that people who develop obsessive-compulsive disorder also:
believe their thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others.
Which medications work primarily by enhancing the effectiveness of GABA?
benzodiazepines
Antidepressants that are effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder serve to:
increase serotonin activity in the brain.
A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a fear of:
leaving home
A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms. He thinks that in this case this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious manner. He is sure this underlying conflict explains his client's:
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A person who believes that everything is a disaster and nothing good will ever happen again when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:
Irrational assumptions
What are the in accurate and inappropriate believes held by people with various psychological problems called
Irrational assumptions
Which statement is NOT usually true of those persons with body dysmorphic disorder?
Most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered normal for a teenager.
Before grading papers, a professor puts on rubber gloves. During class and in interactions with students, the professor painstakingly avoids any contact with the hands of students. The professor is exhibiting a(n):
touching compulsion.
The scientific name for hair-pulling disorder is:
trichotillomania.
Compared with men, women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder.
twice as likely
Compared with men,women are _____ to develop generalized anxiety disorder.
twice as likely
The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:
"Better safe than sorry."
A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of the sanitization training. This is an example of the——— technique
Covert
Which statement is true about social anxiety disorder?
Each year, approximately 8% of all people in the United States experience social anxiety disorder
Which statement describes how phobias and common fear differ?
A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear
A client has been experiencing uncontrolled anxiety.His symptoms include edginess,sleep changes,fatigue,and significant distress.To meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder,these symptoms must be present for at least how many months?
6 months
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, an example of a meta-worry is demonstrated by someone who:
??
The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted.
???
Katherine always feel threatened and anxious, imagining something awful is about to happen. She is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Katherine is probably experiencing:
A generalized anxiety disorder
Beatrice is prescribed a medication for her anxiety. When she takes a small dose, she feels calmer. When she takes a larger dose, she can fall asleep without tossing and turning. This type of drug is called:
A sedative-hypnotic drug
Manual is afraid of eating in public because he expects to be judged negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he makes up excuses when I asked out to eat. His diagnosis would probably be
A social phobia
Which behavior pattern is NOT listed in DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive related disorder
Agoraphobia
Which behavior pattern is NOT listed in DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?
Agoraphobia
A woman constantly avoid crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing sudden, extreme fear every time she enters a crowded street. Most likely, this woman will be diagnosed with:
Agoraphobia and panic disorder
According to Freud, in which stage of development of obsessive compulsive disorder originate
Anal
The drug treatment that is most effective in treating panic disorder is a(n):
Antidepressant drugs
According to Freud, children who are prevented from experiencing id impulses (for example, making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals) or at risk for developing:
Anxiety
The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are:
Anxiety disorders
Eldon occasionally has a racing heartbeat. When this happens, he panics and thinks he is going to die. Gradually, he has developed pan attacks if he even thinks that his heart is beating strongly. Eldon apparently has a high degree of
Anxiety sensitivity
People who experience a positive event, get excited, breathe harder, and have an increased heart rate, and subsequently interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, or experiencing what cognitive theorists call:
Anxiety sensitivity
Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder
Appear to work better when used in the short term rather than in traditional ways
Mindfulness has been shown to be associated with improvements in which of the following?
Autonomic nervous system functioning
Cognitive behavioral theorists have found that people who develop obsessive compulsive disorder also:
Believe third thoughts are capable of causing harm to themselves or others
Dr. Lopez wants to improve the effectiveness of GABA in a client. She should choose
Benzodiazepine
What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?
Benzodiazepine
In a research setting, a drug is given to a person. The drug causes the person to hyperventilate and experience a rapid heart rate. This is a(n):
Biological challenge test
A major limitation of treating generalized anxiety disorder with antipsychotic medication is that these medications
Can produce serious side effects
A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in which region of the brain?
Caudate nuclei
Which statement best represents the evidence supporting the use boldness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus for those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy?
Client-center therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy
Which statement best represents the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus for those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy?
Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy.
Which statement is TRUE about drug and cognitive treatment for panic disorder?
Cognitive treatments have proved to be at least as effective as medication, if not more so
"Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts. Most people ignore them. But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences, so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts." The type of theorist most likely to agree with this quote would be a:
Cognitive-behavioral theorist
A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with social anxiety disorder, then uses modeling for another client with a phobia of spiders. What the therapist is doing is:
Common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders
What is one important way obsessions and compulsions are related?
Compulsions help people control their obsessions
When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Ever since then, Marianela has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:
Conditioned stimulus
If a person criticized everything he did, always looking for flaws, and never could measure up to his own personal standards, he will be exhibiting what Rogers call:
Conditions of worth
Gambling disorder is a manifestation of the previously desirable behavior of being a risk taker. This statement aligns MOST closely with the beliefs of which type of theorist?
Evolutionary theorist
A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face his or her dreaded social situation until the fear subside is
Exposure therapy
Which is the best combination of treatment to trade obsessive compulsive related disorders
Exposure therapy is an antidepressant drugs
Until recently, the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from:
Family pedigree studies
How does fear differ from anxiety?
Fear is a state of immediate alarm in response to a serious, known threat to one's well-being Anxiety is a state of alarm in response to a vague sense of being in danger Fear is a response to a specific threat, whereas anxiety is more general
Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?
Fear of public speaking
Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalize anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of what neurotransmitter at certain receptor sites in the brain?
GABA
A person experiences wide range and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. This is more likely which order?
Generalized anxiety disorder
When Logan was 5 years old, he was playing with a stuffed bunny when a burglar broke into his home. Now, as an adult, Logan is terrified of rabbits. Why do cognitive-behavioral theorists believe Logan dreads rabbits, even though he should know they are harmless?
He was classically conditioned and then he never got close enough to rabbits to learn they are actually harmless.
A person was recently diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. A BEST guess is that the person is in ———- school and is ———likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder
High; more
Which thought is consistent with the thinking of someone who has social anxiety disorder?
I can't go on that business lunch with my boss. I'd spill food on myself and look like an idiot
Which statement reflects the most common obsessive thoughts?
If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated.
For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive compulsive disorder, it must:
Increase serotonin activity
According to the text, intelligence must be measured indirectly. What might be a reason for this?
Intelligence is an inferred quality.
Which statement about the use of antidepressant to treat panic disorder is MOST accurate?
It appears that all antidepressant drugs that restore norepinephrine helps prevent or reduce panic symptoms
Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of mindfulness-based therapy
It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder
Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of mindfulness-based therapy?
It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder.
Which is NOT a disadvantage of thinking benzodiazepines
Lack of sleep, increased anxiety, and passivity
Which descriptor would be LEAST appropriate for someone experiencing obsessive-compulsive disorder,according to the cognitive perspective?
Let the good times roll.Don't worry about tomorrow.
A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a fear of
Living home
When Logan was 5 years old,he was playing with a stuffed bunny when a burglar broke into his home.Now,as an adult,Logan is terrified of rabbits.Why do cognitive-behavioral theorists believe Logan dreads rabbits,even though he should know they are harmless?
Logan never got close enough to rabbits to learn they are actually harmless.
Which statement is MOST accurate?
Low GABA levels can increase activity in the fear circuit,leading to increased anxiety.
Which of the following tests is a personality inventory?
MMPI-2
Your worries are only thoughts. Don't try to stop them! Recognize that they are thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much. These statements MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did correctly and incorrectly, and praises her for what she did well. Which behavioral techniques did the therapist NOT use?
Modeling
An exposure technique in which the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the fearful person observes is called
Modeling
Drew is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home as pets. During his therapy, his therapist demonstrated how to handle snakes. This is a form of therapy based on:
Modeling
What are brain circuits?
Neurotransmitter circuits or neural pathways in brain Neurons that are sensitive to one type of neurotransmitter cluster together and form paths from one part of brain to the other networks of brain structures that work together
A person attempts to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally. They are trying to ———-the thoughts
Neutralize
A client has body dysmorphic disorder and is considering plastic surgery. Is this a recommended treatment for this client?
No. Often, people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterwards
What are the persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a persons consciousness called?
Obsessions
Danique is never sure of the right thing to do. She married Anthony and has wondered for hours every day for years if that was the right decision. She is exhibiting:
Obsessive doubts
Rosa's heart was racing from her fourth cup of coffee, but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:
Panic attack
What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearances?
People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people
Which behavioral assumption has the LEAST amount of research to support it?
Phobias are primarily acquired through classical conditioning in humans.
Which statement MOST accurately reflects current research findings regarding phobias?
Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning
Apparently, people develop phobias more readily to things such as spiders and the dark than they do to objects such as computers and radios. This observation supports the idea of
Preparedness
Which statement about the current use of projective techniques by clinicians is TRUE?
Projective tests, when used, serve as a secondary source of insight about clients.
The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorder as the overrun of defense mechanism by neurotic or moral anxiety is the——- approach
Psychodynamic
Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?
Psychodynamic
Agoraphobia is the fear of
Public places
If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist will be using:
Rational-emotive therapy
Which statement is NOT true regarding specific phobias?
Repeated exposure to the object causes a gradual fear response.
The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) designed a new neuroscience-focused classification tool as an alternative to DSM-5. This tool is called the:
Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
A psychologist believes that her client has a generalized anxiety disorder due to a lack of unconditional positive regard as a child and as a result has developed conditions of worth. The psychologist is following which theory?
Roger's client-centered theory
Rhoda's fear of attending a party is debilitating. To treat this fear, her therapist has Rhoda rehearse introducing herself. This is called
Role-play
The avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder suggests that warring
Serves to reduce bodily arousal
Several techniques, such as modeling and role-play, are combined to treat social anxiety disorder in:
Social skills training
A person says "I've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. I don't know which to choose." Based on current research, the best answer will be:
Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse
Which explanation of phobias states The belief that human beings, as a species, I have a predisposition to develop certain fears?
The behavioral-evolutionary explanation
Which of the following is a major similarity between the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Bech?
The belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety
A person asks "what's the most effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" What is the best research-based answer?
The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as, and longer than, the best drug therapy
A health care provider prescribes disulfiram (Antabuse) for a client with alcoholism. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug?
The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting.
What does the client do when the modeling approach is used to treat a phobia?
The client observes the therapist confronting the feared object.
As part of desensitization training, a phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention to confront snakes. This is an example of what kind of technique?
The in vivo technique
Which brain area is rich in neurons and causes norepinephrine?
The locus coeruleus
Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive compulsive symptoms
The orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei
Someone interested in how social change, property, and race affect the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports which perspective
The sociocultural perspective
Lucy is considering taking a antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She could expect that:
This medication would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it
According to cognitive-behavioral theorists,why do patients engage in compulsive behaviors?
Those behaviors reduce anxiety and are thus negatively reinforced.
People who experience obsessions show:
Thoughts that are intrusive in foreign to them
Before grabbing papers, a professor puts a rubber gloves. During class and in interactions with students, the professor painstakingly avoids any contact with the hands of students. The professor is exhibiting a(n)
Touching compulsion
Which is the biggest difference between treatment outcomes for persons with agoraphobia and persons with specific phobias?
Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatment for specific phobias
A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that stimulate the real-world situations. This is an example of the ———technique
Virtual reality
An example of a meta-worry is demonstrated by someone who
Worries about warring
Samuel cannot leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials.He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work.He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything.Samuel is displaying:
a checking compulsion.
Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts,emotions,and behavior.Which kind of theorist would offer the preceding explanation for anxiety disorders?
a humanistic theorist
What do you call a person who primarily prescribes medication but does not conduct psychotherapy?
a psychopharmacologist
Which of these describes a compulsion?
a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that people feel they must perform
People with an anxiety disorder are MOST likely to experience:
a second anxiety disorder.
Phobic and generalized anxiety disorders arise when people stop looking at themselves honestly and with acceptance and instead deny and distort their true thoughts, emotions, and behavior. Which kind of theorist would offer the preceding explanation for anxiety disorders?
a sociocultural theorist
Which of the following is the phobia MOST often associated with panic disorder?
agoraphobia
A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing sudden, extreme fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:
agoraphobia and panic disorder.
According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses (for example, making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals) are at risk for developing:
anxiety.
Which is the BEST example of a broad social anxiety?
apprehension about being evaluated by others
Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:
are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.
A compulsion to keep placing certain items (such as clothing,books,or foods)in perfect order in accordance with strict rules is a:
balance compulsion.
In a research setting, a drug is given to a person. The drug causes that person to hyperventilate and experience a rapid heart rate. This is a(n):
biological challenge test.
In terms of cognitive theories that explain generalized anxiety disorder,which of these theories has a good deal of research support?
both metacognitive theory and intolerance of uncertainty theory
Researchers believe that panic disorder is biologically different from generalized anxiety disorder,based on differences in the:
brain circuitry involved in the two disorders.
A major limitation of treating generalized anxiety disorder with antipsychotic medication is that these medications:
can produce serious side effects.
A neurologist who was working with a person with obsessive-compulsive disorder would be suspicious of abnormality in which region of the brain?
caudate nuclei
When he was 5 years old,Sunil was almost struck by lightning while walking through a forest during a rainstorm.Today,he is extremely afraid of trees.A behaviorist would say that he has acquired this fear by:
classical conditioning.
A client complains of a phobia. Two lines of questioning by the clinician concern the specific object of the phobia (first line) and what the person does when confronted with that object (second line). This clinician's orientation is MOST likely:
cognitive-behavioral
Which group emphasizes the beliefs and expectations that lead someone with a social anxiety disorder to overestimate how bad a social interaction went?
cognitive-behavioral theorists
Which therapy is an effective long-term, nonpharmacologic treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
Which therapy is an effective long-term,nonpharmacologic treatment for panic attack that involves teaching patients to interpret their physical sensations accurately?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with social anxiety disorder, then uses modeling for another client with a phobia for spiders. What the therapist is doing is:
common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.
If a person criticized everything he did, always looking for flaws, and never could measure up to his own personal standards, he would be exhibiting what Rogers called:
conditions of worth
According to Freud,a generalized anxiety disorder is MOST likely to result when:
defense mechanisms are too weak to cope with anxiety.
A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to:
develop depression when under stress.
Assessment tools such as a depression severity rating scale are used to provide which kind of information for making a diagnosis?
dimensional
People with _____ keep picking at their skin,resulting in significant sores or wounds.
excoriation disorder
An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and that they were not to vacuum for a week would be receiving which type of therapy?
exposure and response prevention
What is the BEST combination of treatments to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?
exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs
Which psychodynamic method has been shown to significantly reduce the levels of anxiety,worry,and social difficulty of patients with generalized anxiety disorder?
free association
Jie has had a feeling of being on edge for several days now. She can't think of a reason for why she feels this way. This feeling is called:
free-floating anxiety.
Jie has had a feeling of being on edge for several days now.She can't think of a reason for why she feels this way.This feeling is called:
free-floating anxiety.
A person experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety. This is most likely which disorder?
generalized anxiety disorder
GABA has been implicated in the etiology of:
generalized anxiety disorder
GABA has been implicated in the etiology of what anxiety disorder?
generalized anxiety disorder.
Katherine always feels threatened and anxious, imagining something awful is about to happen. She is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Katherine is probably experiencing:
generalized anxiety disorder.
During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist.
gestalt
According to sociocultural theorists,generalized anxiety disorder is LEAST likely to develop in people who:
have a lot of free time to think about their problems.
A person was recently diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. A BEST guess is that the person is in _____ school and is _____ likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder.
high; more
Abnormal chemical activity in the body's endocrine system relates to the release of:
hormones
The major focus of a clinical practitioner when dealing with a new client is to gather what type of information?
idiographic
When her friends or family criticize or express disapproval over something Johannah has done, she experiences a deep depression and self-abuse. She struggles very hard to do things that others would approve of and to have people like her. Cognition-focused theorists would say that Johannah's depression results in large part from:
illogical thinking.
GABA acts by:
inhibiting neuronal firing in the brain.
A clinician has developed a new assessment tool. Clients write stories about their problems, and then two different judges independently evaluate the stories in terms of how logically they are written. Which UNIQUE reliability consideration applies to this type of assessment?
interrater reliability
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, a person who believes that everything is a disaster and nothing good will ever happen again when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:
irrational assumptions
According to the cognitive-behavioral perspective, a person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent and perform flawlessly in all possible aspects of life is displaying:
irrational assumptions
A person who believes that one should be thoroughly competent and perform flawlessly in all possible aspects of life is displaying:
irrational assumptions.
Exposure and response prevention as treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder:
leads to improvement that often continues indefinitely.
According to the intolerance of uncertainty theory,individuals with generalized anxiety disorder are:
likely to have difficulty tolerating the knowledge that a negative event may occur.
A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists, and one that continues to be influential today, is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:
maladaptive assumptions
A belief of many early cognitive-behavioral therapists,and one that continues to be influential today,is that generalized anxiety disorder is induced by:
maladaptive assumptions.
Your worries are only thoughts. Don't try to stop them! Recognize that they're thoughts, and don't let them upset you so much. These statements MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?
mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
The cognitive explanation for panic disorders is that people who have them:
misinterpret bodily sensations
A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did correctly and incorrectly, and praises her for what she did well. Which behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use?
modeling
Devon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear. Now he is afraid of snakes. This represents acquisition of fear of snakes in an example of
modeling
People with panic disorder experience body sensations:
more intensely than those without panic disorder
DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:
most widely used in the United States.
A person says,"I'll try to see only the positive side of things,then everything will be OK." From a cognitive-behavioral perspective,this person is _____ obsessive thoughts.
neutralizing
Panic disorder appears to be related to abnormal activity of which neurotransmitter?
norepinephrine
Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks. This disorder may be related to levels of the neurotransmitter:
norepinephrine.
Antidepressant drugs are frequently effective in treating panic attacks.This disorder is related to levels of the neurotransmitter:
norepinephrine.
Which is an anxiety disorder?
obsessive compulsive disorder
A psychodynamic theorist finds that a client is experiencing a battle between anxiety-provoking id impulses and anxiety-reducing ego defense mechanisms.He thinks that in this case this usually unconscious conflict is being played out in an open and obvious manner.He is sure this underlying conflict explains his client's:
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
A professor's office is a mess; graded tests are in piles on the desk,overflowing bookshelves line the walls,and research materials from years ago occupy boxes on the floor where there is only a narrow pathway to walk.If the professor is experiencing a diagnosable disorder,it would MOST likely be in which category?
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders
Disorders that involve particular patterns of repetitive and excessive behavior that greatly disrupt a person's life and can cause shame are called:
obsessive-compulsive-related disorders.
A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and afraid of dying. Assuming this event is not a heart attack, but rather an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is MOST likely a:
panic attack
Sebastian was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Sebastian noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. This is an example of a:
panic attack
A person is sweating,experiencing shortness of breath,choking,feeling dizzy,and afraid of dying.Assuming this event is not a heart attack,but rather an indicator of anxiety disorder,it is MOST likely a:
panic attack.
Sebastian was outside the parking garage when,out of nowhere,he suddenly felt overwhelming fear.Sebastian noticed that his fear increased,he started to feel out of control,and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes.This is an example of a:
panic attack.
A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:
panic disorder
Every once in a while,Ona feels nervous to the point of terror.This feeling seems to come on suddenly and randomly.Her experience is an example of a(n):
panic disorder.
Nicholas has an intense fear of dogs that won't go away. He avoids looking at pictures of dogs, and sometimes he can't even leave the house when neighbors are walking their dogs. This kind of fear would be classified as which kind of disorder?
phobic disorder
Nicholas has an intense fear of dogs that won't go away.He avoids looking at pictures of dogs,and sometimes he can't even leave the house when neighbors are walking their dogs.This kind of fear would be classified as which kind of disorder?
phobic disorder
The theoretical position that explains the origin of anxiety disorders as the overrun of defense mechanisms by neurotic or moral anxiety is the _____ approach.
psychodynamic
What is the therapy for generalized anxiety disorder developed by Albert Ellis called?
rational-emotive therapy
If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:
rational-emotive therapy.
Avery,a 28-year-old woman,tells her therapist that she has an intense fear of snakes.She says she has been afraid of snakes since she was a child.Which additional criterion would suggest that Avery meets the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia?
refusal to go to certain places where she believes snakes could be present,such as the lake
Cognitive-behavioral theorists believe that compulsive behavior is:
reinforced because engaging in it reduces anxiety.
The biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by the finding that:
relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives are.
The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is:
relaxation training.
Which psychodynamic method has been shown to significantly reduce the levels of anxiety, worry, and social difficulty of patients with generalized anxiety disorder?
short-term psychodynamic therapy
Which disorder is characterized by severe, persistent, and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which the person may face scrutiny by others and possibly feel embarrassment?
social anxiety disorder
Lorna is very fearful of speaking in public and will do everything she can to avoid being evaluated by others,which causes her significant impairment.The MOST accurate diagnosis for her condition would be:
social anxiety disorder.
Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to:
social factors leading to stress.
"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, and the pandemic. It's difficult to get a good job unless you're a computer genius." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.
sociocultural
"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb,overpopulation,AIDS,and violent crime everywhere.It's difficult to get a good job unless you're a computer genius." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.
sociocultural
If the idea of preparedness is accurate, then:
some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.
A psychologist is seeing a client with a phobic disorder and suggests a course of therapy in which relaxation therapy is paired with the thought of the feared object.This is known as:
systematic desensitization.
Dylan is suffering from arachnophobia.His therapist first has him go through relaxation training,and then has him construct a fear hierarchy.Finally,the therapist has Dylan go through a phase of graded pairings of spiders and relaxation responses.This approach is called:
systematic desensitization.
Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?
the behavioral position
Which explanation of phobias states the belief that human beings, as a species, have a predisposition to develop certain fears?
the behavioral-evolutionary explanation
Which perspective focuses on the intersection and context of important factors at key points of time throughout a person's lifespan?
the developmental psychopathology perspective
According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:
the immoral images represent id impulses
According to the psychodynamic perspective, if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts,
the immoral images represent id impulses.
What is anxiety sensitivity?
the inability to assess bodily sensations accurately
Which brain area is rich in neurons and uses norepinephrine?
the locus coeruleus
Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive symptoms?
the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei
Which is NOT a component of social anxiety disorder,according to research by cognitive theorists?
underestimating how badly a social event actually went
When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors
when they interfere with daily function and cause distress
When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks) be considered compulsive behaviors?
when they interfere with daily function and cause distress
One limitation of the sociocultural approach to understanding generalized anxiety disorders is that it cannot explain:
why everyone who experiences danger doesn't experience generalized anxiety.