CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL PERCEPTION AND DIVERSITY

_____ represents any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness.

. Implicit cognition

What is perception?

A cognitive process that enabled us to interpret and understand our surroundings; Perception is reality

What is Affirmative Action?

An artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past

What are stereotypes?

An individuals set of beliefs about characteristics or attributes of a group

What are the 3 Dimensions of Behavior in Kelley's Model of Attribution?

Consensus, Distinctiveness, Consistency

What are the 3 types of memory within Stage 3: Storage and Retention of the perception model?

Event memory, Semantic memory, Person memory

We tend to disproportionately attribute behavior to external causes a. False b. True

False

How can self-serving bias best be described?

One's tendencies to take a more personal responsibility for success than for failure

‪What are the four steps in the process of developing a perception of something? ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Selective Attention/Comprehension, Encoding and Simplification, Storage and Retention, Retrieval and Response ‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Which Attribution Bias does this represent: "I lost the game because the other team was "playing dirty:"

Self-Serving Bias

In which stage of the Perception Process is Stereotyping a key component?

Step 2 - Encoding

Causal Attributions are suspected or inferred causes of behavior? a. True b. False

True

What is a self-serving bias?

a. Ones tendency to take responsibility for success than for failure

Which of the 4 stages model of perception is salient stimuli associated with? a. Stage 1: selective attention/comprehension b. Stage 2: encoding and simplification c. Stage 3: storage and retention d. Stage 4: retrieval and response

a. Stage 1: selective attention/comprehension

Which of the following is not a type of memory associated with Storage and Retention?

a. Traumatic memory

Which of the following is the correct order for the formation and maintenance of a stereotype?

b. Categorization --> Inferences --> Expectation --> Maintenance

Which of the following is NOT how we maintain stereotypes? a. Overestimating the frequency of stereotypic behaviors exhibited by others. b. Categorizing people into groups according to criteria. c. Incorrectly explaining expected and unexpected behaviors. d. Differentiating minority individuals from ourselves.

b. Categorizing people into groups according to criteria.

Which of the following dimensions from Kelley's Model of Attribution compares a person's behavior on one task with his or her behavior on other tasks? a. Consensus b. Distinctiveness c. Consistency d. None of above

b. Distinctiveness

Interpreting, evaluating, organizing and remembering the environment is which part of the 4 stages? a. Selective attention/comprehension b. Encoding c. Storage d. Retrieval

b. Encoding

Memory like "Going to a grocery store" is what kind of memory?

b. Event Memory

Which two are part of Stereotype Formation and Maintenance?

b. Inferences and Expectations

Why is perception important to organizational behavior?

b. It affects actions and decisions

What can result from bias in the workplace?

b. It can cause hiring problems based on bias

What stage of the social information processing model deals with encoding and simplification?

b. Stage 2

All are a stage of the 4 stages model of perception EXCEPT: a. Selective attention/ comprehension b. Encoding and simplification c. Categorization and inferences d. Retrieval and response

c. Categorization and inferences

What is discrimination? a. An artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past b. Represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people c. Suspected or inferred causes of behavior d. Occurs when employment decisions about an individual are due to reasons not associated with performance or are not related to the job

d. Occurs when employment decisions about an individual are due to reasons not associated with performance or are not related to the job

Which of the following is not a stage of perception:

d. Seeing and Believing

Something is said to be salient when it:

stands out from its context