Chapter 4-Understanding Children

Separation anxiety

A child is upset because a familiar caregiver is leaving.

Grasping or palmar reflex

After touching the infant's palm, the hand will grip tightly.

Development

Changes or growth in a child.

Principle of proximodistal development

Development occurs from the center of the body outward.

Cephalocaudal principle

Development occurs from the head downward.

Physical development

Growth in a child's body (height, weight. or bone density)

Gross motor skills

Improvement of skills using large muscles.

Babinski reflex

Infants fan their toes upward when their feet are stroked.

Rooting reflex

Infants turn their head towards anything that brushes thier face.

Fine motor skills

Involves developing the small muscles.

Social/ emotional development

Learning to relate to others and express feeling.

Cognitive development

Mental process used to gain knowledge.

Moro reflex

Occurs when the baby is startled by a noise or sudden movement.

Temperament

Quality and intensity of a child's emotional reaction to the environment.

Maturation

Sequences of biological changes in a child.

Attachment

Strong emotional connection between people.

Motor sequence

The order in which a child is able to perform new movements.

Object permanence

Understanding that objects continue to exist even if they cannot be seem.

Deferred imitation

Watching another person's behavior and then acting that behavior out later.

Stepping

When the infant is placed on their feet, their legs move in a walking motion.