chapter 40

Both the metabolic rate and activity level increase.

A lizard is sitting on a rock on a cool, cloudy morning. As the day progresses the sun comes out and the temperatures of the rock and the lizard increase. What changes are expected in the lizard's metabolic rate and activity level?

C; fruit

A patient presents with bleeding gums, loss of teeth, and slow wound healing. The doctor diagnoses the patient as having a deficiency in vitamin _____ and suggests that he increase the amount of _____ in his diet.

hydrolysis of phosphocreatine, anaerobic glycolysis, aerobic respiration

Aerobic respiration, anaerobic glycolysis, and hydrolysis of phosphocreatine can all be used by vertebrate muscle cells to generate ATP during active periods. In what order are these mechanisms employed?

Alanine can be synthesized by cellular biochemical pathways, whereas lysine cannot.

Alanine and lysine are both amino acids. Not eating enough lysine can lead to protein deficiency, whereas not eating enough alanine does not lead to protein deficiency. Why is this the case?

its overall rate of energy use

An animal's metabolic rate is best defined as:

cannot be synthesized by cellular biochemical pathways.

An essential amino acid is defined as one that:

difficulty absorbing sufficient amounts of calcium from the diet.

An individual with vitamin D deficiency will experience:

Oxygen consumption and metabolic rate will both increase.

As you move from sitting in class to riding your bike to your next class, what happens to your metabolic rate and levels of oxygen consumption?

70 percent

Basic life processes account for what percentage of energy use in animals?

false

Ectotherms always have a higher metabolic rate than endotherms of the same size.

generate heat from the breakdown of food and other metabolic reactions. usually maintain a constant body temperature that is higher than that of their environment. include mammals and birds. have high metabolic rates. Correct: All of these choices are correct.

Endotherms

true

Larger animals have higher resting metabolic rates than smaller animals.

essential amino acids.

Most individuals who include meat in their diet don't need to carefully monitor the protein that they eat. However, vegetarians must monitor their diet more closely to ensure they are getting the appropriate levels of:

dog polar bear cheetah elephant Correct: mouse

Per gram of body tissue, which of the following animals has the highest resting metabolic rate?

true

Per unit weight, stored fat yields more than twice the energy of stored glycogen.

iron

The blood of some individuals does not carry sufficient oxygen to their tissues. These individuals could be deficient in:

meat

The most reliable dietary source of all eight essential amino acids is:

hibernate to reduce energy expenditure and conserve energy reserves migrate to areas with more abundant food supplies migrate to warmer areas build up enough of a positive energy balance during summer and fall to sustain them through the winter Correct: All of these choices are correct.

What can animals do to maintain an energy balance when food supplies become scarce in winter?

negative energy balance.

When an individual loses weight, he or she is in a:

elephant

Which of the following animals has the highest resting metabolic rate?

proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.

Which of the following groups of molecules commonly serve as sources of energy for animals?

Larger animals consume more energy per gram of body tissue than smaller animals. Faster running animals have lower metabolic rates than slower running animals. Basal metabolic rate increases with animal mass raised to the 1/4 power. Larger animals have lower basal metabolic rates than smaller animals. Correct: None of the answer options is true.

Which of the following statements about metabolic rate is true?

Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, whereas the citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Correct: Aerobic respiration is very efficient and captures the majority of the energy available in each glucose molecule in a usable form (ATP). During glycolysis, starches are broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Glycolysis does not require oxygen. ATP is produced during both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.

Which of the following statements about the breakdown of carbohydrates is false?

An excess intake of food results in a shift in metabolism to mostly catabolic processes.

Which of the following statements is false?

Correct: Oxygen debt is the difference between an animal's immediate need for oxygen at the start of activity and the energy supplied by anaerobic metabolism. Recovery metabolism is accompanied by increased heart rates and respiration rates. An animal's oxygen consumption remains elevated for a brief period after activity ends. Recovery metabolism allows a cell to replenish depleted ATP stores and metabolize lactic acid. None of the answer options is false.

Which of the following statements is false?

Endotherms regulate their body temperature, whereas ectotherms do not.

Which of the following statements is false?