Chapter 42 mastering bio

Which of the following best describes an artery? Arteries contain valves. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Arteries have thin walls compared with veins. Arteries carry oxygenated blood. Arteries carry blood away from capillaries.

Arteries carry blood away from the heart.

How are gases transported in insect bodies? In tracheal systems In closed circulatory systems In open circulatory systems

In tracheal systems

Which event of the cardiac cycle occurs when systolic blood pressure is measured? The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. The atria and ventricles contract simultaneously. The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. The atria contract while blood flows into the relaxed ventricles.

The ventricles contract, carrying blood into the aorta, and blood flows into the relaxed atria. The systolic blood pressure is the peak blood pressure, resulting from contraction of the ventricles.

The sun shining on a tidal pool during a hot day heats the water. As some water evaporates, the pool becomes saltier, causing _____. a decrease in the water's density a decrease in its oxygen content an increase in its carbon dioxide content an increase in its ability to sustain aerobic organisms

a decrease in its oxygen content

A normal event in the process of blood clotting is the _____. synthesis of hemoglobin activation of prothrombin to thrombin production of erythropoietin conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen

activation of prothrombin to thrombin

Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximize _____. active transport blood pressure diffusion osmosis

diffusion

Which of the following organisms has no specialized respiratory structures? earthworms ants crabs salmon alligators

earthworms

From the capillaries of the abdominal organs and hind limbs, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

inferior vena cava

Voice sounds are produced by the _____. trachea diaphragm bronchioles larynx lungs

larynx

Blood returning to the mammalian heart in a pulmonary vein drains first into the left atrium. right ventricle. left ventricle. vena cava. right atrium.

left atrium

Some human infants, especially those born prematurely, suffer serious respiratory failure because of _____. the overproduction of surfactants the sudden change from the uterine environment to the air lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant mutations in the genes involved in lung formation

lung collapse due to inadequate production of surfactant

The primary functions of the _____ are to warm, filter, and humidify air. lungs trachea bronchus nasal cavity alveoli

nasal cavity

From the superior vena cava, blood flows to the _____. right atrium left atrium aorta capillaries of the lungs inferior vena cava

right atrium

Which of the following develops the greatest pressure on the blood in the mammalian aorta? diastole of the right ventricle systole of the left ventricle systole of the left atrium diastole of the right atrium

systole of the left ventricle

Which of the following respiratory systems is not closely associated with a blood supply? the parapodia of a polychaete worm the lungs of a vertebrate the tracheal system of an insect the skin of an earthworm the gills of a fish

the tracheal system of an insect

When the air in a testing chamber is specially mixed so that its oxygen content is 10 percent and its overall air pressure is 400 mm Hg, then PO2 is _____. 40 mm Hg 4 mm Hg 82 mm Hg 400 mm Hg

40 mm Hg

A stroke volume of 70 mL/cycle in a heart with a pulse of 72 cycles per minute results in a cardiac output of about _____. 5 liters per minute 50 milliliters per minute 50 liters per minute 0.5 liters per minute

5 L per min

At the summit of a high mountain, the atmospheric pressure is 380 mm Hg. If the atmosphere is still composed of 21 percent oxygen, then the partial pressure of oxygen at this altitude is about _____. 80 mm Hg 760 mm Hg 160 mm Hg 380 mm Hg

80 mm Hg

True or false? The circulatory systems of land-dwelling vertebrates are composed of two pumping circuits: the systemic circulation, which is a lower-pressure circuit to the lung, and the pulmonary circulation, which is a higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body.

False The pulmonary circulation is the lower-pressure circuit to the lung, whereas the systemic circulation is the higher-pressure circuit to the rest of the body.

Which statement regarding the mammalian heart is correct? Oxygen-loaded blood moves only through the right side of the heart. Blood is pumped from the heart via the atria. When the right atrium contracts, it forces blood into the left atrium. In the adult heart, blood in the right chambers of the heart cannot enter the left chambers without passing through the lungs. Blood arrives at the heart via the ventricles.

In the adult heart, blood in the right chambers of the heart cannot enter the left chambers without passing through the lungs. The right heart's contraction moves the blood to the lungs for gas exchange before the blood is delivered to the left atrium.

What is the function of the left ventricle? It receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. It receives deoxygenated blood from the lungs. It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary circulation.

It pumps oxygenated blood around the body via the systemic circulation. The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body.

Which event occurs first during diastole? The atria contract while blood flows into the relaxed ventricles. Blood flows into the relaxed atria while the ventricles contract. The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. The atria and ventricles contract simultaneously.

The atria and ventricles are relaxed, and blood flows into the atria. Diastole is the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle during which the chambers of the heart are relaxed and blood can enter them passively.

Which of the following statements about blood circulation in the body is true? Deoxygenated blood flowing through the pulmonary veins is carried to the right atrium. As the right ventricle contracts, it sends oxygenated blood through the aorta to all tissues of the body. During one cardiac cycle, the two ventricles contract first, and then the two atria contract. Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles.

Valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and ventricles. Valves are flaps of tissue that close when the ventricles contract to prevent the backflow of blood into the atria and also when the ventricles relax to prevent the backflow of blood from exiting vessels to the ventricles.

In which of the following organisms does blood flow from the pulmocutaneous circulation to the heart before circulating through the rest of the body?

frogs

Pulse is a direct measure of heart rate. breathing rate. cardiac output. stroke volume. blood pressure.

heart rate

Flying insects typically _____. generate fuel molecules from catabolism of carbon dioxide decrease metabolism as much as 200-fold during flight utilize high numbers of mitochondria in flight muscles switch from diffusion of tracheal gases to active transport during flight

utilize high numbers of mitochondria in flight muscles

which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in birds and mammals? left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle pulmonary circuit vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary vein

vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle pulmonary artery

An advantage of gas exchange in fresh water, compared with gas exchange in air, is that _____. ventilation requires less energy in water water is easier to move over the respiratory surface the respiratory surface does not have to be as extensive in water water usually contains a higher concentration of oxygen than air water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized

water loss through evaporation across the respiratory surface can be minimized