Exam 4

What is PASS?

P-Pull the pin breaking the thin wire or plastic seal A-Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire S-Squeeze the handles together to release agent S-Sweep the nozzle back and forth to cover the burning material

Class C (electrical) extinguisher symbol

Blue Circle

What is a class B fire?

Flammable and combustible liquids, gases, and greases such as alcohol, gasoline, lubricating oils, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

What is a clean agent extinguisher?

Discharged as a rapidly evaporating liquid that leaves no residue. Effectively cool and smother fires in class A and class B fuels, and the agents are non conductive so they can be used on energized electrical equipment (Class C fires)

What is a class C fire?

Energized electrical equipment

What is the Decay stage?

A compartment fire will decay as the fuel is consumed or if the oxygen concentration falls to the point that flaming combustion is diminished

What is a rollover?

A condition where the unburned fire gases accumulated at the top of a compartment ignite and flames propagate through the hot gas layer or across the ceiling

What is a dead end hydrant?

A fire hydrant located on a dead end main that receives water form only one direction.

What occurs in a Flashover?

A rapid transition from the growth stage to the fully developed stage (everything in room lights on fire)

What is a stored pressure fire extinguisher?

AKA air pressurized water (APW) useful for all types of small class A fires. Often used to extinguish confined hot spots during overhaul.

What is mechanical ventilation?

Any means other than natural ventilation. This type of ventilation may involve the use of blowers and smoke ejectors.

What is horizontal ventilation?

Any technique by which heat, smoke, and other products of combustion are channeled horizontally out of a structure by way of existing or created horizontal openings such as windows, doors, or other holes in walls. Typically portions of one or more of the horizontal openings will also serve as an air inlet.

What is a direct fire attack strategy?

Attack method that involves the discharge of water or a foam stream directly onto the burning fuel.

What is the Growth stage?

Begins to influence the environment within the compartment and has grown large enough for the compartment configuration and amount of ventilation to influence it

Class K (kitchen) extinguisher symbol

Black Hexagon

What are the advantages of a minute man load?

Can be carried by one person, can be carried on the shoulder above the ground so it can avoid obstacles. Also is well suited for a narrow hose bed.

What is a chaffing block?

Charged hose lines vibrate and rub against other surfaces which can cause abrasions, chaffing blocks are devices used to protect fire hose from these abrasions.

What is a class K fire?

Combustible cooking oils such as vegetable or animal fats and oils that burn at extremely high temperatures.

What is a class D fire?

Combustible metals and alloys such as lithium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium

What do you do if a vehicle fire occurs?

Extinguish them immediately, Isolate spilled fuels or other ignition sources before addressing other operational concerns. Other sources include vehicle batteries, undeployed air bags, downed power lines, and energy absorbing struts. In order to isolate these threats you must disconnect vehicle batteries, Deactivate undeployed air bags, Cordon off downed power lines or ground level transformers, Protect shock absorbers and struts, from excessive heat and/or physical damage, Avoid pyrotechnic seat belt pretensioners.

What is a combination attack?

Extinguishing a fire by using both a direct and an indirect attack. This method combines the steam-generating technique of a ceiling level attack on the burning materials near floor level.

What tools do you use for vertical ventilation?

Fans, Blowers, and smoke ejectors. Also you can use a fog nozzle pattern to draw smoke out of an opening such as a window or door.

What is a dry barrel hydrant?

Fire hydrant that has its operating valve located at the base or foot of the hydrant rather than in the barrel of the hydrant. When operating properly, there is no water in the barrel of the hydrant when it is not in use. These hydrants are used in areas where freezing may occur.

What is a wet barrel hydrant?

Fire hydrant that has water all the way up to the discharge outlets; may have separate valves for each discharge or one valve for all the discharges. This type of hydrant is only used in areas where there is no danger of freezing weather conditions.

What is a circulating hydrant?

Fire hydrant that is located on a secondary feeder or distributor main that receives water from two directions.

What are the duties of a firefighter 1?

Fire suppression, search and rescue, extrication, ventilation, salvage, overhaul and EMS. They must also meet the hazardous materials requirement defined by NFPA 472

What is the Incipient stage?

First stage of the burning process in a compartment in which the substance being oxidized is producing some heat, but the heat has not spread to substances nearby. During this phase, the oxygen content of the air has not been significantly reduced and the temperature within the compartment is not significantly higher than ambient temperature

What is an indirect fire attack strategy?

Form of fire attack that involves directing fire streams toward the ceiling of a compartment in order to generate a large amount of steam in order to cool the compartment. Converting the water to steam displaces oxygen, absorbs the heat of the fire, and cools the hot gas layer sufficiently for firefighters to safely enter and make a direct attack on the fire.

What is a smoke explosion?

Form of fire gas ignition; the ignition of accumulated flammable products of combustion and air that are within their flammable range.

Hose is deployed form the water source to the fire

Forward Lay

What needs to be labeled on every fire extinguisher?

Geometric shapes of specific colors with the class letter shown within the shape, or pictographs to make the selection of the most appropriate fire extinguishers easier. It also shows the types of fires on which extinguishers should not be used.

Class A (ordinary combustibles) fire extinguisher symbol

Green Triangle

What is Convection?

Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as gas or liquid

What is Radiation?

Heat transfer by way of electromagnetic energy

What is an aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) extinguisher?

Intended for class B fires, useful in combating fires in or suppressing vapors from small liquid to fuel spills. Is expelled using compressed air or nitrogen stored in the tank with the solution. The foam floats on the surface of the fuels that are lighter than water.

What is a wet chemical stored pressure extinguisher?

Intended for use in class K fires involving cooking fats, greases, and vegetable and animal oils in commercial kitchens. Contain a special potassium based, low PH agent formulated to operate on the principle of soaponification.

What is positive pressure ventilation?

Method of ventilating a room or structure by mechanically blowing fresh air through an inlet opening into the space in sufficient volume to create a slight positive pressure within and thereby forcing the contaminated atmosphere out the exit opening.

What is a CO2 extinguisher?

Most effective in extinguishing class B and class C fires, because their discharge is in the form of a gas, have a limited reach and the gas can be dispersed by wind. Stored under its own pressure as a liquefied gas ready for release at any time. Discharges at sub zero temperature, has little cooling effect on fires. Carbon dioxide produces no vapor suppressing film on the surface of the fuel; therefore, reignition is always a danger.

What is the Fully developed stage?

Occurs when all combustible materials in the compartment are burning

What are some characteristics of a smooth bore nozzle?

Operate at low nozzle pressures, Are less prone to clogging with debris, Can be used to apply compressed-air foam, May allow hose lines to kink due to less pressure, Do not allow for selection of different stream patterns.

What is a class A fire?

Ordinary combustibles such as textiles, paper, plastic, rubber, and wood

What is the purpose of an FDC?

Point at which the fire department can connect into a sprinkler or standpipe system to boost the water flow in the system.

What are some tasks when you first arrive at a scene? (scene size up)

Prevent injury to rescuers, Prevent further injuries to victims, Identify potential hazards, Clarify required tasks, Identify needed resources, As you approach the scene be observant and try to answer the following questions. What are the traffic hazards, and what types of traffic control devices are needed? How many and what types of vehicles are involved? What type of fuel or power system (hybrid or electric) do the vehicles use? Where and how are the vehicles positioned? Are the vehicles located on the roadway? How many victims are there, and what is their status? Is there a fire or potential fire? Is there a fuel or fluid leak? What control methods need to be implemented? Are there any hazardous materials involved? Are there any utilities, such as water, gas, electricity, or downed power lines, that may have been damaged? If so, do they pose a hazard to victims or rescuers? Is there a need for additional resources?

What is a pump type water extinguisher?

Primarily used for ground cover fires although they may be used for small class A fires. Designed to be worn on the back with manually operated trombone style slide pump. Produces a straight stream, fog, or water-mist pattern.

Class B (flammable liquids) extinguisher symbol

Red Square

Hose is deployed from the fire to the water source

Reverse Lay

What is a spanner wrench?

Small tool primarily used to tighten or loosen hose couplings; can also be used as a prying tool or a gas key.

What is natural ventilation?

Techniques that use the wind, convection currents, and other natural phenomena to ventilate a structure without the use of fans, blowers, and smoke ejectors.

What is negative pressure ventilation?

Techniques using smoke ejectors to develop artificial air flow and to pull smoke out of a structure. Smoke ejectors are placed in windows, doors, or roof vent holes to pull the smoke, heat, and gasses from inside the building and eject them to the exterior.

What is a Backdraft?

The explosive burning of heated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into a compartment that has a high concentration of flammable gases and a depleted supply of oxygen due to an existing fire.

What is tactical ventilation?

The planned, systematic, and coordinated removal of heated air, smoke, gasses or other airborne contaminates from a structure, replacing them with cooler and/or fresher air to meet the incident priorities of life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.

What is Conduction?

Transfer of heat through or between solids that are in direct contact

What is a water mist stored pressure fire extinguisher?

Use deionized water as agent and have nozzles that produce a fine spray instead of a solid stream. These types of extinguishers are safe to use on energized electrical equipment. The fine spray enhances cooling and soaking characteristics of the water and reduces scattering of burning materials.

What is a dry chemical extinguisher?

Used on Class A, B, and C fires or Class B, C fires. Among the most common portable fire extinguishers in use today. Two basic types of dry chemical extinguishers. Regular B:C rated, and Multipurpose A:B:C-rated

What is vertical ventilation?

Ventilating at a point above the fire through existing or created openings and channeling the contaminated atmosphere vertically within the structure and out the top. Done with openings in the roof, skylights, roof vents, and doors.

What is hydraulic ventilation?

Ventilation accomplished by using a spray stream to draw the smoke from a compartment through an interior opening.

Class D (combustible metals) extinguisher symbol

Yellow Star