Chapter 43 Biology

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity of vertebrates include _____. I) neutrophils II) macrophages III) dendritic cells IV) natural killer cells

I, II, and III

A boy falls while riding his bike. A scrape on his hand almost immediately starts bleeding and becomes red, warm and swollen. What response is occurring?

Inflammatory response

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by I) the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes II) antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes III) the release of cytokines by activated B cells

Only I and II

Lymphocytes mature in the I) spleen II) thymus III) bone marrow

Only II and III

You and your friend were in line for a movie. Both were expose to woman's cough, only one of you got sick. What is a logical explanation for this?

You had an adaptive immunity to that virus

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease?

a condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self

A newborn who is accidentally given a drug that destroys the thymus would most likely

be unable to differentiate and mature T cells

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to...

certain bacterial infections

T cells of the immune system include

cytotoxic and helper cells

Inflammatory responses typically include...

increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area

Acidity in human sweat is an example of

innate immunity

Vaccination increases the number of _____.

lymphocytes with receptors that can bind to the pathogen

The cells and signaling molecules involved in the initial stages of the inflammatory response are ________.

mast cells and histamines

If a patient is missing B and T cells, what would be absent from the immune response?

memory

A certain cell type has existed in the blood and tissue of its vertebrate host's immune system for over 20 years. One day, it recognizes a newly arrived antigen and binds to it, subsequently triggering a secondary immune response in the body. Which of the following cell types most accurately describes this cell?

memory cell

The cells involved in innate immunity, whose absence increases the chances of developing malignant tumors, are

natural killer cells

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of

short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Immunological memory accounts for

the ancient observation that someone who had recovered from the plague could safely care for those newly diseased

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by

the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces

For the successful development of a vaccine to be used against a pathogen, it is necessary that

the surface antigens of the pathogen stay the same