Chapter 4/5 questions

The cellular structure indicated by the arrow in the accompanying figure is responsible for

protein synthesis

Why is the advantageous for cell to be small?

A small cell has a small volume relative to surface area thereby increasing efficient transport

consists of RNA and proteins within another organelle

A. Nucleolus

Proteins made on ribosomes may be further modified within which organelle?

Golgi complex

During phagocytosis what may fuse with the vacuoles to further degrade the ingested material

Lysosome

What method does a human white blood cell employ to engulf a bacterial cell

Phagocytosis

What is one cellular characteristic found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

Plasma membrane

Which molecule is least likely to cross a cellular membrane by simple diffusion?

Potassium Ion

What does the nucleolus within nucleus synthesize

Ribosomal RNA

How does the scanning electrons microscope differ from the transmission electrons microscope

The SEM gives a three dimensional image of the object being studied

What will happen to a plant cell if placed in hypertonic solution?

The cell will undergo plasmolysis

How do the phospholipids in vegetable oil differ from those of animals fat?

The fatty acid tails bend

Refers to the accompanying figure. Which is best describes what is happening to the red blood in cells figure A?

There has been no net water movement

If phospholipids form a spherical structure when placed in water, then which of the following is the most logical conclusion about those phospholipid molecules?

They are cone-shaped

How are integral proteins unique in cell membrane?

They are firmly bound to the membrane & can only be released with a detergent

Which of the following statement about phospholipids is false

They contain three fatty acids chains

The ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object is called

magnification

Which of the following organelles plays an important role in apoptosis

mitochondria

The term "fluid mosaic model" refer to the

movement of lipids & integral proteins within the lipid bilayer

Which organelle can be considered a sorting processing and packing center?

Golgi complex

What type of cellular junction cement cells together that use cadherin as a belt around each cell

adhering junctions

Since sodium-potassium pumps transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into a cell, what type of carrier proteins are they?

antiporters

Evidence that all living cells have a common origin is best illustrated by the

basic similarities in cell structure and chemistry

The smooth ER is the primary site for the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol needed to make

cell membranes

DNA is associated with proteins, forming a complex called

chromatin

A transmembrane protein differs from other membrane proteins because it

completely extends through the membrane

Which process is a function of peroxisomes

detoxification

Which strategy is most effective for larger cells to have an effective surface area to volume ratio?

having thin, finger- like projections

What is found between the primary walls of adjacent cells for cells to adhere tightly to one another?

middle lamella

What is the primary function of mitochondria

transformation of energy

What process halts the net movement of the water from hypotonic solution into a plant cell

turgor pressure

___ are loosely associated with the phospholipids bilayer whereas __ are tightly bound to it

Peripheral proteins; integral proteins

What cellular structures is unique to plant cell and some photosynthetic fungi

chloroplasts

A glycoproteins destined for secretion from the cell would move through the Golgi complex which sequence

cis face medical region to trans face

What is the passive moment of water along a concentration gradient?

osmosis

What is required for facilitated diffusion to take place

transmembrane proteins

Large membranous sacs of plants and fungi

D. Vacuoles

What facilitate the rapid transport of water through the plasma membrane?

Aquaporins

Ribosomes stud its outer surfaces

B. Rough ER

Membranous sacs in animals

C. Lysosomes

Encloses an internal thylakoid membrane

E. Plastids

Why are membrane-bounded organelles able to facilities faster chemical reaction?

Enzymes are organized close together on the membrane surface

Rods like structures consisting of acting

F. Microfilament

In a lipid bilayer___ fatty acids tails face each other within the bilayer & from a region that excludes water

Hydrophobic

When the net movement of water in and out a cell zero that solution Is said to be

Isotonic

Why can cholesterol act as a "fluidity buffer" in cell membranes?

It is slightly amphipathic because of the presence of one hydroxyl group

Which statement about lipid bilayer is false?

They are inflexible

Which statement about centrioles is false?

They have 9+2 arrangement of microtubules

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with membrane of the

endoplasmic reticulum

What cellular process is represented in the accompanying figure?

exocytosis

Plasmodesmata of plant cells are functionally equivalent to the __ of the animal

gap junction

Plants lack organ systems for disposing of toxic metabolic waste products. Their cells' vacuoles are like what animal cell organelle?

lysosomes