Chapter 48 Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses

Schizophrenia is characterized by

disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions

Depression with one or two symptoms that last 2yrs or more is commonly referred to as

Dysthymia

The most common age of onset for schizophrenia in men is

15 to 25 yrs

In youth it is estimated that

46.3% will be diagnosed with serious mental illness between the ages of 13 and 18 yrs

In MRI studies of persons with schizophrenia

A link was found when psychological stress was placed on an individual

Bipolar disorder is characterized by

Recurring symptoms of depression and elation

Schizophrenia can and does develop in persons

With family history

Tobacco dependency is a common disorder

With schizophrenia

Which statement is true about the incidence of mental illness

Women have twice the risk of experiencing anxiety disorders than men

The Undifferentiated Type is

essentially a catch all category where the individual dies not meet criteria for any of the other subtypes

To be diagnosed with MDD

An individual must experience five or more specified symptoms during the same 2 week period; this must also represent a change from previous functioning At least one of the symptoms must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure Symptoms include depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure, appetite disturbance, insomnia, hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation

Depression is thought to be associated with

Deficient brain norepinephrine and serotonin

Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin may be helpful in the management of

Depression

Which manifestation is characteristic of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Hallucinations Delusions Disorganization dimension Disorganization in speech and behavior

The management of major depressive disorder is aimed at

Increasing norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain

The Residual Type schizophrenia

Indicates that the disturbance has continued but the active phase symptoms are no longer met

The Paranoid and Disorganized types

Are the least severe (in that order)

Lithium is used to manage mania because it

Inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain

Anhedonia

Loss of pleasure

The individual experiencing hypomania has

A sudden onset of increased energy Expanded self esteem Decreased anxiety

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to be

Associated with Dopamine D1 receptor activity in the brain. They are more difficult to recognize. Asociality is an example of negative symptom

Grossly disorganized behavior can range from

Childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation, and impairs tasks of daily living

Neurochemical basis of schizophrenia might involve two processes

Dopamine neurotransmission dysregulation Abnormal cerebral structure

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to result from

Excessive dopamine D2 receptor activity in the brain

Mania is characterized by

High energy Hyperactivity Inability to concentrate Increased appetite

Psychosis

Is a term used to describe a serious and debilitating mental state The narrowest definition refers to delusions and prominent hallucinations

Researchers suggest a mediating role between the later development of schizophrenia and

Prenatal influenza exposure

The goal in schizophrenia management is to alleviate

Some of the negative symptoms by blocking D1 receptors

Depression is characterized by

Reduced decision making capacity Poor appetite Hopelessness

Older patients may suffer side effects such as

Tardive dyskinesia - a disorder related to antipsychotic drug dosage and duration and characterized by involuntary chewing motions and darting of the tongue

Psychosis associated with MDD is thought

To result from extreme symptoms of a prolonged duration Auditory hallucinations, delusions and disorganization may become prominent symptoms