Chapter 48 Neurobiology of Psychotic Illnesses
Schizophrenia is characterized by
disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
Depression with one or two symptoms that last 2yrs or more is commonly referred to as
Dysthymia
The most common age of onset for schizophrenia in men is
15 to 25 yrs
In youth it is estimated that
46.3% will be diagnosed with serious mental illness between the ages of 13 and 18 yrs
In MRI studies of persons with schizophrenia
A link was found when psychological stress was placed on an individual
Bipolar disorder is characterized by
Recurring symptoms of depression and elation
Schizophrenia can and does develop in persons
With family history
Tobacco dependency is a common disorder
With schizophrenia
Which statement is true about the incidence of mental illness
Women have twice the risk of experiencing anxiety disorders than men
The Undifferentiated Type is
essentially a catch all category where the individual dies not meet criteria for any of the other subtypes
To be diagnosed with MDD
An individual must experience five or more specified symptoms during the same 2 week period; this must also represent a change from previous functioning At least one of the symptoms must be either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure Symptoms include depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure, appetite disturbance, insomnia, hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation
Depression is thought to be associated with
Deficient brain norepinephrine and serotonin
Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine or serotonin may be helpful in the management of
Depression
Which manifestation is characteristic of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Hallucinations Delusions Disorganization dimension Disorganization in speech and behavior
The management of major depressive disorder is aimed at
Increasing norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain
The Residual Type schizophrenia
Indicates that the disturbance has continued but the active phase symptoms are no longer met
The Paranoid and Disorganized types
Are the least severe (in that order)
Lithium is used to manage mania because it
Inhibits norepinephrine and serotonin activity in the brain
Anhedonia
Loss of pleasure
The individual experiencing hypomania has
A sudden onset of increased energy Expanded self esteem Decreased anxiety
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to be
Associated with Dopamine D1 receptor activity in the brain. They are more difficult to recognize. Asociality is an example of negative symptom
Grossly disorganized behavior can range from
Childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation, and impairs tasks of daily living
Neurochemical basis of schizophrenia might involve two processes
Dopamine neurotransmission dysregulation Abnormal cerebral structure
The positive symptoms of schizophrenia are thought to result from
Excessive dopamine D2 receptor activity in the brain
Mania is characterized by
High energy Hyperactivity Inability to concentrate Increased appetite
Psychosis
Is a term used to describe a serious and debilitating mental state The narrowest definition refers to delusions and prominent hallucinations
Researchers suggest a mediating role between the later development of schizophrenia and
Prenatal influenza exposure
The goal in schizophrenia management is to alleviate
Some of the negative symptoms by blocking D1 receptors
Depression is characterized by
Reduced decision making capacity Poor appetite Hopelessness
Older patients may suffer side effects such as
Tardive dyskinesia - a disorder related to antipsychotic drug dosage and duration and characterized by involuntary chewing motions and darting of the tongue
Psychosis associated with MDD is thought
To result from extreme symptoms of a prolonged duration Auditory hallucinations, delusions and disorganization may become prominent symptoms