Chapter 5-8
Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell.
False
Glycolysis is a catabolic process.
False
The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria.
False
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.
False
The process by which a white blood cell or an amoeba engulfs bacteria is called pinocytosis.
False
All of the following would denature a protein except
a missing coenzyme.
Endergonic reactions
can only occur if there is an input of energy.
Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?
carbon dioxide fixation
Which of the following protein functions is not correctly associated with the correct integral protein?
channel proteins—block the activity of carrier proteins
What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph?
chloroplast
The component of an animal cell membrane that regulates the fluidity by stiffening the membrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at lower temperatures is
cholesterol. lipid in nature. a steroid. All of the choices are correct.
Which is the best definition of active transport
movement of a substance against its concentration through the release of energy from ATP
Adult humans cannot synthesize _____ out of the _____ common amino acids.
nine; twenty
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
oxygen and carbohydrate
Which of the following are major functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply.
production of proteins used in construction of the cell wall
Acetyl CoA is produced from
pyruvate and CoA.
The preparatory reaction converts
pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide.
Active transport
requires an input of ATP.
To what does the term stroma refer?
the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
The activity of an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except
the presence of other enzymes.
Which type of junctions will create a solid barrier to prevent molecules from moving between the cells?
tight
Compared with other components found in a plant cell such as the cell membrane, the chloroplasts or the nucleus, the mitochondria would be the only one that would
use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP.
What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs. energy harvesting steps of glycolysis
2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in _____ ATP molecules
36
During glycolysis _____ carbons will enter the pathway and _____ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates.
6; 6
Which substrate is missing: 6CO2 + _____ + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2 ?
6H2O
The subunits from which ATP is made are
ADP and phosphate.
The membrane protein _____ will catalyze the reaction ADP + P ATP as H+ flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix.
ATP synthase
What would happen if a drug directly interfered with the functioning of RuBP carboxylase?
Carbon dioxide would not be fixed to RuBP, stalling the Calvin cycle.
Which type of molecule will not diffuse directly across the cell membrane without the help of transport proteins?
Na+
Which scenario is most likely to occur if the mitochondria in the kidney cells were to decrease in function?
The amount of active transport in the kidneys would significantly decrease.
During the conversion of glucose into a free form of energy only some of the energy is converted into usable ATP. What happens to the rest of the energy?
The energy is converted to heat.
Which is the best definition of osmosis?
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
If a living plant were moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur?
The plant's cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur.
Why are plants green?
They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum.
Chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is the most common anabolic process on the planet.
True
The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which forms a six-carbon molecule that breaks down into two 3PG molecules.
True
Which channel protein assists the passage of water across the cell membrane?
aquaporin.
Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?
electron transport system
C -> D is coupled with the reaction ATP->ADP. Based on this information the reaction C->D is _____. A->B->C->D->E
endergonic
The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called _____ because we _____.
essential; must include them in our diet
The function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to
excite electrons in chlorophyll.
Which process produces alcohol or lactate?
fermentation
The metabolic pathway below involves how many possible chemical reactions? A->B->C->D->E
four
What are the end products of photosynthesis?
glucose and oxygen
Which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration?
glucose and oxygen
Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?
glycolysis
The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is
glycolysis—preparatory reaction—citric acid cycle—electron transport system.
A 10% glucose solution is placed in the thistle tube. The thistle tube is placed in a beaker that contains a 5% glucose solution. Where is the highest concentration of water found?
in the 5% solution
In the cell pictured, there is no net movement of water. The amount leaving the cell and entering the cell is the same. In what type of environment is this cell found?
isotonic
The sum of the chemical reactions in a cell constitute
metabolism.