Chapter 5

Heat loss from the body will _______, when blood vessels in the dermis dilate. A) constrict, B) decrease, C) dilate D) increase

increase

The buildup of bilirubin in an infant's blood can occur if the liver does not remove the chemical. This condition is a) cyanosis b) pallor c) jaundice d) alopecia e) erythema

jaundice

Choose the following statements that describe keratin. 1. Keratin is a tough, fibrous protein. 2. Keratin is used for pigmenting skin. 3. Keratin helps protect the skin. 4. Keratin participates in immune responses. 5. Keratin protects the skin from UV light. a) 1 and 3 b) 1, 3, 4, 5 c) 2, 4, 5 d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e) 3 and 5

keratin is a tough, fibrous protein keratin helps protect the skin

4) Which pigment secreted by specialized cells in the skin is capable of absorbing ultraviolet light? a) Keratin b) Melanin c) Melatonin d) Carotene e) Hemoglobin

melanin

When you are cold, blood vessels in the dermis ______ to maintain homeostasis. A) constrict, B) decrease, C) dilate D) increase

constrict

"Goose bumps" are caused by a) contraction of arrector pili muscles. b) secretions from the sudoriferous glands. c) contraction of dermal papillae. d) secretions from the sebaceous gland.

contraction of arrector pili muscles

The skin is known as the _________membrane. a) Cutaneous b) Mucous c) Synovial d) Serous

cutaneous

Heat loss from the body will _______ when blood vessels in the dermis constrict. A. constrict, B. decrease, C. dilate D. increase

decrease

Dense irregular connective tissue will be found in the a) hypodermis. b) basement membrane. c) epidermis. d) dermis. e) subcutaneous (subQ) layer.

dermis

How do nutrients reach the epidermis? a) absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skin. b) utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermis. c) the outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living. d) diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis.

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

When you are hot, blood vessels in the dermis ____ to maintain homeostasis. A. constrict, B. decrease, C. dilate D. increase

dilate

18) Which exocrine gland is primarily used for thermoregulation? a) Sebaceous gland b) Eccrine sweat gland c) Apocrine sweat gland d) Ceruminous gland

eccrine sweat gland

From which of the primary germ layers of the embryo does the epidermis of the skin develop? a) Endoderm b) Ectoderm c) Mesoderm d) Both endoderm and ectoderm.

ectoderm

Without enzymatic action of tyrosinase, what pathway is blocked in the body pertaining to skin? a) carotene production b) melanin production c) tyrosine production d) hemoglobin production e) keratin production

melanin production

Vitamin C is important for collagen synthesis. Which area of the skin would be most affected if there is a deficiency in vitamin C? a) Papillary region of the dermis b) Reticular region of the dermis c) Subcutaneous layer d) Hypodermis e) Epidermis

reticular region of the dermis

Secretion mixture of fats, sterols, proteins and salts, that prevent water loss and can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. a) Sweat b) Cerumen c) Sebum d) Mucus e) pheromones

sebum

Which structure found in the skin plays an important role in thermoregulation? a) Melanocytes b) Sebaceous glands c) Sweat glands d) Stratum lucidum e) Epidermal ridges

sweat glands

In the elderly, blood supply to the dermis is reduced and sweat glands are less active. This combination of factors would most affect a) the ability to thermoregulate b) the ability to feel sensations c) the ability to produce vitamin D

the ability to thermoregulate

Anorexia may cause adults to develop fine, unpigmented hairs to help with warmth and insulation. Which type of hair is described? a) Terminal b) Vellus c) Lanugo

vellus

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium composes the a) epidermis. b) dermis. c) hypodermis. d) subcutaneous layer. e) superficial fascia.

epidermis

The subcutaneous layer is also known as the a) dermis b) epidermis c) stratum corneum d) stratum basale e) hypodermis

hypodermis

Albinism is the inherited inability to produce a) melanin. b) carotene. c) both melanin and carotene. d) keratin. e) melanocytes.

melanin

Which statements are true? 1. The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum. 2. Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles. 3. Live keratinocytes are located in the stratum lucidum. a) 1, 2, 3 b) 1 and 3 c) 2, 3 d) 1 and 2

The majority of the skin does not contain stratum lucidum Stratum lucidum is found in areas of high friction, such as the palms and soles

This layer is attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes and to other cells by desmosomes. a) Stratum basale b) Stratum spinosum c) Stratum granulosum d) Stratum lucidum e) Stratum corneum

stratum basale

7) Apoptosis of cells occurs within the a) stratum basale b) stratum spinosum c) stratum granulosum d) stratum lucidum

stratum granulosm

d) D

24) In the photomicrograph shown below, which layer will contain melanocyte projections, keratinocytes and intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhan cells)? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

d) f

27) In the diagram of a hair root shown, which area is composed of dense connective tissue? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

a) a

In the diagram of skin shown above, which labeled structure generates fingerprints? a) A b) B c) G d) D

a) c b) d d) f

In the diagram of skin shown below, which structure illustrates that thin skin is present? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) H

d) d

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown above, which area is comparable to the stratum corneum with visible vascular tissue beneath? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

c) e

In the figure of a sagittal section of a fingernail shown below, which area acts similar to stratum basale, with mitotic cells? a) A b) C c) E d) F e) G

d) e

In the photomicrograph shown above, which layer do new cells arise? a) A b) B c) D d) E e) F

b) b

In the photomicrograph shown above, which layer is only seen in thick skin? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

In a skin infection, which cell will take up and process microbial antigens? a) Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells) b) Melanocytes c) Tactile epithelial cells (Merkel cells) d) Stem Cells

Intraepidermal macrophages (Langerhans cells)

John has just been brought into the emergency room following a fiery explosion at a chemical plant. He is diagnosed with third degree burns over the anterior surfaces of his arms and trunk. What specific structural damage has occurred to his skin? What risks to John's life have resulted from this damage?

John has lost approximately 27% of his skin's surface area (according to the Rule of Nines), which leads to severe systemic effects. The epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer and associated structures have been destroyed. Sensory function is lost. Loss of epidermis (and so, lost keratin and Langerhans cells) makes John susceptible to microbial invasion. Loss of keratinized structures and lamellar granules allows for extreme loss of water, plasma, and plasma proteins, which causes shock; leading to dehydration, reduced blood volume and circulation, decreased urine output and diminished immune responses.

Which of the following structures found in the skin help prevent water loss and inhibit bacterial growth on the surface of the skin? Select all that apply. a) Arrector pili b) Epidermal ridges c) Sweat glands d) Lamellar granules of keratinocytes e) Oil glands

Lamellar granules of keratinocytes Oil glands

b) d

In the diagram of skin shown above, where is smooth muscle found? a) C b) D c) E d) F e) G

c) g

In the diagram of skin shown above, which area is primarily composed of areolar connective tissue? a) E b) F c) G d) H e) A

Which of the following are characteristics of thick skin? Select all that apply. a) Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. b) Does not contain hair follicles. c) Contains more sweat glands than thin skin. d) Stratum corneum has fewer layers in thick than thin. e) Lacking stratum lucidum

Found in the palms, soles of the feet and fingertips. Does not contain hair follicles. Contains more sweat glands than thin skin.

a) A

In the diagram above, where are actively dividing cells located? a) A b) B c) E d) F e) G

c) G

In the diagram above, where does apoptosis occur? a) E b) F c) G d) H e) I

b) I d) E

Which area, on the image above, contains areolar connective tissue? Select all that apply. a) B b) I c) C d) E e) G f) J

e) E

Which area, on the image above, stores approximately half of the body's lipid, secures the skin to underlying structures and consists of adipose and areolar connective tissue? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) E

b) Thick skin contains five stratums.

Which statement best describes why the diagram above represents thick skin? Choose the best answer. a) Thick skin lacks melanocytes. b) Thick skin contains five stratums. c) Thick skin epithelia is vascular. d) Thick skin epithelia is avascular. e) Thick skin contains stem cells.

c) C

Which structure in the figure detects touch sensations? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G

c) G

Which structure is primarily responsible for thermoregulation? a) A b) F c) G d) H e) I

d) D

Which structure, in the figure above, produces a pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV radiation? a) A b) B c) C d) D e) G

e) I

Which structures, on the image above, house Meissner's corpuscles, free nerve endings and capillary loops? a) A b) F c) G d) H e) I

Why does the skin feel hot on individuals with a fever? Select all that apply. a) Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. b) Blood vessels constrict to decrease blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. c) Vasoconstriction of the vessels decreases heat loss from the skin. d) Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin.

a) Blood vessels dilate to allow increased blood flow from the deeper layers of the skin. d) Vasodilation increases heat loss from the skin.

A pair of scissors slips while you are cutting paper. You slice through your forearm and blood appears. What is the order of the skin you cut from superficial to deep? 1. dermis 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum corneum 5. Stratum basale 6. Stratum lucidum a) 1, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4 b) 1, 5, 2, 3, 4 c) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 d) 4, 6, 3, 2, 5, 1

c) 4, 3, 2, 5, 1 corneum granulosum spinosum basale dermis

You stepped on a nail. List the sequential strata of the epidermis that the nail penetrated through to reach the dermis. a) basale, spinosum, corneum, granulosom b) granulosom, spinosum, lucidum, corneum, basale c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale

c) corneum, lucidum, granulosom, spinosum, basale