Chapter 5 Anatomy test pt.2

synthroes

1st joint classifications for movement

pectoral girdale

1st part of appendicular system

Osteoarthritis

1st type of arthritis

how many bones in human body

206

Amphiarthroes

2nd joint classifications for movement

pelvic girdale

2nd part of appendicular system

rheumatoid arthritis

2nd type of arthritis

Diarthrosis

3rd joint classifications for movement

how many long bone classifications are there

7

yellow marrow cavity

Replaces the red marrow in adults. This is now storage for fat.

spongy bone 3 components

absorbs shock, strong (not as much as compact), porus appearance

2 parts

appendicular system made of how many parts

what is hematopoiesis

blood cell formation occurs in red bone marrow

Osteocytes

bone cells

1st thing about bone remodeling

bone cells broken down by osteoclasts when there isn't enough calcium in blood

osteocytes

bone cells, found inside lacunae (cavities in compact bone)

ossification is

bone formation

3 steps of

bone remodeling

4th step of bone repair

bone remodeling

osteoclasts

break down bone, releasing calcium

Osteoblasts

builds bones

what is stored in bones

calcium and phosphorus

ex of short bones

carpals, tarsals, patella

clean break, bone ends don't go through skin, treat with closed reduction, x-ray and cast

closed fracture (simple)

two types of bone tissue

compact bone and spongy bone

rounded projection which meets the surface of another bone

condyle (bone marking)

periosteum (long bone)

connective tissue that covers the entire bone

what do osteoblasts cover

cover cartilage skeleton

narrow ridge, ex is skin

crest (bone marking)

slightly moveable joints

define amphiarthroes

sack filled with fluid at joints

define bursa

freely movable joints

define diarthrosis

caused by passed injuries at the joints, some cartilage is scraped away, wears down over time

define osteoarthritis

immune system attacks your articular cartilage , not because of injuries, autoimmune disease, unknown cause

define rheumatoid arthritis

when you stretch ligaments out too much

define sprain

immovable joints

define synthroes

compact bone 3 components

dense, strongest type, uniform appearance (looks equal throughout-homogeneous)

synovial joints, knees, shoulders

diarthrosis ex

vertebrae are more porous, they collapse and stack on top of each other

dowanger's hump

whole thing is cartilage

ebryo skeleton (bone formation and growth)

Epiphsis (long bone)

ends of the long bone

clavicle, scapula, arms, hard bones

examples of pectoral girdale

nearly flat surface

facet (bone marking)

1st stage of ossification

fetal skeleton is model of skeleton completely made of cartilage

thin, flat, slightly curved bones

flat bones

soft spots on baby's head, areas are not fused together which helps with birth

fontanels

round opening through a bone

foremen (bone marking)

2nd step of bone repair

forming a soft callus formation

bowl-like depression in a bone

fossa (bone marking)

support of bones

gives space and framework

typically found in young children; living, young, malleable bone; one side of bone splinters due to pressure, other side stays intact

green stick fracture

6th stage of fases of ossification

growth happens

epiphyseal plate

growth happens, layer of cartilage, found in growing bones, growing cartilage is replaced by bone at end of puberty

3rd step of bone repair

hard callus formation

body expansion on the end of a bone

head (bone marking)

1st step of bone repair

hematoma formation

blood cell formation is called

hematopoiesis

red marrow cavity (long bone)

holds red bone marrow of young children, responsible for blood cell formation

long bone formation is controlled by

hormones

4

how many diseases to know

6

how many fases of ossification? (bone formation and growth)

3

how many joint classifications for movement

4

how many stages of bone repair

2

how many types of arthritis

heat helps, needle removal if bad

how to help bursitis

4th stage of fases of ossification

hyaline cartilage at end of bones and epiphyseal plate is constantly laying down new layers on surface

3rd stage of fases of ossification

hyaline cartilage remains at end of bones in epiphyseal plate

2nd stage of fases of ossification

hylaline cartilage, model digested away which opens up a center cavity for red bone marrow

ex of irregular bones

ilium (on pelvis), vertebrae

all other bones that don't fit into a category

irregular bones

epiphyseal line

left behind to mark spot of where growing cartilage is replaced by bone at the end of puberty

ex of pelvic girdale

leg, foot bones, ilium

short bones are made of

made of spongy bone

movement of bones

muscles need bones

5th stage of fases of ossification

older bottom layers pf hyaline cartilage are replaced by bone

ends go through skin due to lots of pressure, open reduction, surgery

open fracture (compound)

bone forming cells are called, build bones

osteoblasts

bone weakening disease, makes bones fragile and easy to break, vertebrae become so fragile they collapse

osteoporosis

arm like bar, zygomatic process (arch)

ramus (bone marking)

ex of flat bones

ribs, skull, sternum

Diaphysis (long bone)

shaft, length of long bone

more sube shaped and absorb impact well

short bones

ilium of female pelvis is

shorter than males

cavity within a bone

sinus (bone marking)

hyoid bone

skull (axial skeleton) part

axial skeleton parts are:

skull and vertebral collum

sharp, slender, pointed projection

spine (bone marking)

5 functions of bones

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation

ex of synthroes

surtures in skull

large round projection, usually where muscle is attached

tuberosity (bone marking)

3rd thing about bone remodeling

use it or lose it

ex of amphiarthroes

vertebrae (hips), pubic symphysis

intervertebral discs

vertebral colum (axial skeleton) part

hold water, if water lost in discs you shrink, water and cartilage in discs

what are intervertebral discs

replaced spongy bone with compact bone, bone is now completely healed

what is bone remodeling

caused by injury to a bursa in your joints

what is bursitis

cartilage replaced by spongy bone, forming large callus

what is hard callus formation

when blood clot forms between two broken bones

what is hematoma formation

attached to base of tongue, of crushed you were strangled

what is hyoid bone

cartilage replaces the hematoma

what is soft callus formation

2nd thing about bone remodeling

when too much calcium in blood calcium is deposited in bone matrix

what is a joint

where two bones come together/meet

false pelvis is wider in

women