Chapter 5 Anatomy test pt.2
synthroes
1st joint classifications for movement
pectoral girdale
1st part of appendicular system
Osteoarthritis
1st type of arthritis
how many bones in human body
206
Amphiarthroes
2nd joint classifications for movement
pelvic girdale
2nd part of appendicular system
rheumatoid arthritis
2nd type of arthritis
Diarthrosis
3rd joint classifications for movement
how many long bone classifications are there
7
yellow marrow cavity
Replaces the red marrow in adults. This is now storage for fat.
spongy bone 3 components
absorbs shock, strong (not as much as compact), porus appearance
2 parts
appendicular system made of how many parts
what is hematopoiesis
blood cell formation occurs in red bone marrow
Osteocytes
bone cells
1st thing about bone remodeling
bone cells broken down by osteoclasts when there isn't enough calcium in blood
osteocytes
bone cells, found inside lacunae (cavities in compact bone)
ossification is
bone formation
3 steps of
bone remodeling
4th step of bone repair
bone remodeling
osteoclasts
break down bone, releasing calcium
Osteoblasts
builds bones
what is stored in bones
calcium and phosphorus
ex of short bones
carpals, tarsals, patella
clean break, bone ends don't go through skin, treat with closed reduction, x-ray and cast
closed fracture (simple)
two types of bone tissue
compact bone and spongy bone
rounded projection which meets the surface of another bone
condyle (bone marking)
periosteum (long bone)
connective tissue that covers the entire bone
what do osteoblasts cover
cover cartilage skeleton
narrow ridge, ex is skin
crest (bone marking)
slightly moveable joints
define amphiarthroes
sack filled with fluid at joints
define bursa
freely movable joints
define diarthrosis
caused by passed injuries at the joints, some cartilage is scraped away, wears down over time
define osteoarthritis
immune system attacks your articular cartilage , not because of injuries, autoimmune disease, unknown cause
define rheumatoid arthritis
when you stretch ligaments out too much
define sprain
immovable joints
define synthroes
compact bone 3 components
dense, strongest type, uniform appearance (looks equal throughout-homogeneous)
synovial joints, knees, shoulders
diarthrosis ex
vertebrae are more porous, they collapse and stack on top of each other
dowanger's hump
whole thing is cartilage
ebryo skeleton (bone formation and growth)
Epiphsis (long bone)
ends of the long bone
clavicle, scapula, arms, hard bones
examples of pectoral girdale
nearly flat surface
facet (bone marking)
1st stage of ossification
fetal skeleton is model of skeleton completely made of cartilage
thin, flat, slightly curved bones
flat bones
soft spots on baby's head, areas are not fused together which helps with birth
fontanels
round opening through a bone
foremen (bone marking)
2nd step of bone repair
forming a soft callus formation
bowl-like depression in a bone
fossa (bone marking)
support of bones
gives space and framework
typically found in young children; living, young, malleable bone; one side of bone splinters due to pressure, other side stays intact
green stick fracture
6th stage of fases of ossification
growth happens
epiphyseal plate
growth happens, layer of cartilage, found in growing bones, growing cartilage is replaced by bone at end of puberty
3rd step of bone repair
hard callus formation
body expansion on the end of a bone
head (bone marking)
1st step of bone repair
hematoma formation
blood cell formation is called
hematopoiesis
red marrow cavity (long bone)
holds red bone marrow of young children, responsible for blood cell formation
long bone formation is controlled by
hormones
4
how many diseases to know
6
how many fases of ossification? (bone formation and growth)
3
how many joint classifications for movement
4
how many stages of bone repair
2
how many types of arthritis
heat helps, needle removal if bad
how to help bursitis
4th stage of fases of ossification
hyaline cartilage at end of bones and epiphyseal plate is constantly laying down new layers on surface
3rd stage of fases of ossification
hyaline cartilage remains at end of bones in epiphyseal plate
2nd stage of fases of ossification
hylaline cartilage, model digested away which opens up a center cavity for red bone marrow
ex of irregular bones
ilium (on pelvis), vertebrae
all other bones that don't fit into a category
irregular bones
epiphyseal line
left behind to mark spot of where growing cartilage is replaced by bone at the end of puberty
ex of pelvic girdale
leg, foot bones, ilium
short bones are made of
made of spongy bone
movement of bones
muscles need bones
5th stage of fases of ossification
older bottom layers pf hyaline cartilage are replaced by bone
ends go through skin due to lots of pressure, open reduction, surgery
open fracture (compound)
bone forming cells are called, build bones
osteoblasts
bone weakening disease, makes bones fragile and easy to break, vertebrae become so fragile they collapse
osteoporosis
arm like bar, zygomatic process (arch)
ramus (bone marking)
ex of flat bones
ribs, skull, sternum
Diaphysis (long bone)
shaft, length of long bone
more sube shaped and absorb impact well
short bones
ilium of female pelvis is
shorter than males
cavity within a bone
sinus (bone marking)
hyoid bone
skull (axial skeleton) part
axial skeleton parts are:
skull and vertebral collum
sharp, slender, pointed projection
spine (bone marking)
5 functions of bones
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
ex of synthroes
surtures in skull
large round projection, usually where muscle is attached
tuberosity (bone marking)
3rd thing about bone remodeling
use it or lose it
ex of amphiarthroes
vertebrae (hips), pubic symphysis
intervertebral discs
vertebral colum (axial skeleton) part
hold water, if water lost in discs you shrink, water and cartilage in discs
what are intervertebral discs
replaced spongy bone with compact bone, bone is now completely healed
what is bone remodeling
caused by injury to a bursa in your joints
what is bursitis
cartilage replaced by spongy bone, forming large callus
what is hard callus formation
when blood clot forms between two broken bones
what is hematoma formation
attached to base of tongue, of crushed you were strangled
what is hyoid bone
cartilage replaces the hematoma
what is soft callus formation
2nd thing about bone remodeling
when too much calcium in blood calcium is deposited in bone matrix
what is a joint
where two bones come together/meet
false pelvis is wider in
women
