Chapter 5 Basic Human Needs

7. List two examples of nursing activities that help an individual obtain the goal of self-actualization.

The self actualize person has reach their full potential at the highest order needs level. This person is comfortable enough to plan ahead and be creative. They incorporate all levels of the hierarchy to function as a self actualize person. The term implies a fully functioning person with a comfortable relationship with the world. This individual is able to cope with life situations, to deal with failure, And be free of anxiety. -Acknowledge the accomplishments of the individual - need to be self-fufilled, learn, create, understand, and experience ones potential

3. List at least five physiologic needs of all people and animals. 4. List five examples of nursing activities that help an individual meet basic physiologic human needs.

1. Oxygen : the most essential of all basic survival needs. Provided to the cells by maintaining an open airway and adequate circulation. Ex; emphysema, asthma, paralysis, or secretions make breathing difficult,circulation may be impaired, reducing oxygenation 2. Water and Fluids : water is necessary to sustain life. Can only survive a few days without water. Fluids in the body must be in balance, or homeostasis, to maintain health. Ex; unconsciousness, inability to swallow, and severe mental illness, may require assistance t meet fluid needs. If kidneys do not function, body may retain water in tissues (edema) or body may not have enough water (dehydration). RN: Monitor I&O, observe infusion of IV fluids 3.Food and nutrients : nutrients are necessary to maintain life., body can survive several days or weeks without food. Ex; poor nutritional habits, inability to chew/swallow, nausea + vomiting, food allergies, refusal to eat and overeating pose threat to nutritional status. RN: Assist by feeding, monitoring calorie counts, or maintain alternative methods (tube feeding, IV fluids) 4. Elimination of Waste Products : essential for life and comfort. Body Eliminates waste in several way. Lungs eliminate Co2+H20, skin eliminates water and sodium, kidneys eliminate fluids and electrolytes, intestines discharge solid waste and fluids. Ex; bowel obstruction, bladder cancer, kidney disease, and gallbladder disease disrupt normal elimination. Difficulty in breathing, poor circulation, acid-base imbalance, allergies, cuts , wounds, diabetes, and infection also hinder elimination. RN: give enema, catheterized, assist with dialysis 5. Sleep and rest: important in maintaining health. Amount varies. The absence of sleep is not immediately life threatening but can cause various disorders if allowed to continue. Ex: deprivation aggravates mental illness. RN: provide safe, comfortable, and quiet surroundings. 6 Activity and exercise: Activity stimulates both mind and body. Exercise helps maintain body's structural integrity and health by enhancing circulation and respiration. Mobility is not necessary for survival, but some form of exercise is needed to maintain optimum health. 7. Sexual gratification: important but may be sublimated. Need for sex is not vital for survival of individual but of the entire species. 8. Temperature regulation: human body functions within a relatively narrow survival range of temperatures. Body has mechanisms to assist in temporary regulation of temperature: shivering, goose flesh, and perspiration. Celsius 35-41 C average oral = 37 C Fahrenheit 95-106 F average oral = 98.6 F

Self-esteem

A person's perception of self. needs are met when they think well of themselves by considering individual achievements, perception of self-adequacy, or self-competence. self esteem is related to how an individual is thought of by others through recognition, status, awards, or prestige. - Encourage independence - Observe for symptoms of regression, depression, overdependency, or refusal to cooperate.

Social needs

Addressed in third level of Maslow's hierarchy. Needs for love, affection, and belonging are fundamental needs but survival and security needs must be met before you can address social needs -Love, affection. and Belonging: Bonding, meaningful relationships, encouragement and assurance, visitations, phonecalls, diversions, recreation, and social interaction

Physiologic Needs/Primary/Priority needs

First level needs. Also called survival needs, or primary or priority needs. *Must be met to sustain life. Without them, a person will die *Take precedence over higher level needs Basic Needs(1st level) - Oxygen - Water and fluids - Food and nutrients - Elimination of waste products - Sleep and rest - Activity and Excercise - Sexual gratification - Temperature regulation

Growth needs

In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization (more complex needs related to personal fulfillment) Growth needs are secondary needs which must be met to maintain quality of life. Deficiency needs are the nurses priority

Deficiency needs

In Maslow's theory, these are physical survival needs, such as the need for food (basic needs of all people as a progression from simple survival or physical needs) **deficiency needs or physiologic/basic needs are priority needs and must be met first in order to maintain life. - Basic physiologic needs (need for air, nutrition, water, elimination, rest and sleep, and thermal regulation)

Hierarchy of needs definition

Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active (A client must meet the needs within the foundation of the hierarchy (priorities) before working toward higher level growth needs. Ex: first meet needs related to deficiency, such as oxygen, food, safety, and belonging before being able to progress to the more abstract growth needs. this progression is called hierarchy of needs

2. Define the term regression and explain at least two examples of regression.

Regression is focusing on a lower level need that has already been fulfilled. It is common in illness or injury. Ex: a client recovering from illness will focus their physical and emotional energies on recovery (physical needs) before returning to employment (security)

Self-actualization

"has reached their full potential. Needs at this level are the highest order need. Person is comfortable enough to plan ahead, learn, and be creative. - Incorporates all levels of the hierarchy to function as a self-actualized person. - Fully functional - Comfortable relationship with real world, able to cope with life situations, deal with failure, and be free of anxiety, has sense of humor, is self controlled, and deals with stress in productive ways

8. Address the basic and aesthetic needs of individuals who are homeless, who have a terminal illness, or who have lost their jobs and source of income.

- Homelessness is a threat to the person's basic need for warm, shelter, and safety. If a person is responsible for others' (children) the threat multiplies -The lack of adequate shelter may not always be life-threatening but will thwart the ability of a person to progress toward a higher level of needs. -= people who are living in poverty, who are starving or homeless, or who feel unsafe are unable to plan ahead for Healthcare. People in this situation become ill first and then seek healthcare. Such behaviors are concrete methods of dealing with illness, or emergency responses to the stimulus of illness. -abstract thinking and action require higher level skills including planning and being able to understand the consequences of being unprepared.

6. List two examples of nursing activities that help an individual obtain the goal of self-esteem.

- promote positive self image after surgery - encourage individuals progress in rehabilitation -provide an opportunity for bonding with the new infant * As a nurse you will assist individuals to regain positive self-esteem within their new normal by encouraging independence by helping them with necessary lifestyle changes and rewarding progress p. ***Observe these clients for symptoms of regression, depression, over dependency, or a refusal to cooperate. Low self-esteem also directly relates to disorders such as chemical dependency

5. List four examples of nursing activities that help an individual meet the needs of security and safety.

-Checking the identification of client before administering medication -taken defective equipment from a clients environment and reporting the defect - monitoring the clients safety while in the shower ambulating in the hall or getting in or out of bed - Performing a safety check in the home environment for a child or an elderly adult - reporting abuse to the proper authority

Hierarchy of Needs and Nursing Interventions

1. Basic physiologic needs: - Administer o2 - Assist with feeding - Assist with hygiene and elimination - Maintain warmth for a newborn 2. Security and Safety: - Check identification of client before giving meds - Take and report defective equipment from clients environment - Monitor safety while in shower - Perform safety check in home environment for child/elderly adult - Report abuse to proper authority 3. Love, Affection, and belonging: - Allow clients family to visit while in hospital - Encourage family to participate in care of client - Allow religious leaders and friends to visit and perform religious rites - Be sensitive to clients particular needs as they relate to their role in society (financial provider, caregivers) 4. Self-Esteem - Promote positive self image - Encourage individuals progress in rehabilitation - Provide opportunity for bonding with new infant 5. Self-actualization - Acknowledge accomplishments of individual

Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid Describe and discuss the hierarchy of needs, from the simple to the complex, as developed by Maslow

1. Physiologic Needs (basic needs): need for air, nutrition, water, elimination, rest, and sleep, and thermoregulation. sex is unecessary for individual survival, but necessary to survival of mankind 2. Safety Needs: need for shelter and freedom from harm and danger 3. Love needs: need for affection, feelings of belongingness, and meaniful relations with others 4. Esteem Needs: need to be well thought of by oneself and by others 5: Self-actualization Needs: need to be selffufilled, learn, create, understand, and experience ones potential

Secondary needs

Security and safety need (maslow hierarchy) *Met to give quality to life * Both physical and physiological needs - Freedom from harm: must feel safe and secure both emotionally and physically before moving on to meet other needs. Free from harm, danger, and fear -Healthcare: people in more comfortable situations are able to strive for wellness and prevention of illness -Shelter: lack of adequate shelter will thwart ability to progress toward higher level of needs

Psychological needs

the urge to belong and to give and receive love, and the urge to acquire esteem At a higher level than physiologic needs -Security and safety needs are both physical and psychological needs Love, Affection, Belonging: Addressed in the third level of Maslow's hierarchy. The need for love, affection, and belonging in our fundamental human needs, however people must first meet survival and security needs before they can address social needs. - All people need to feel that they have meaningful relationships with others and that they belong to a group. People need the acceptance of families and friends.