Chapter 5: Biology

Two solutions are made by mixing sugar and enough water to make a 1 liter solution. One solution contains 10% sugar and the other solution contains 20% sugar. Which solution has more solvent?

The 10% sugar solution

What is osmotic pressure?

The amount of pressure needed to oppose osmosis

A solution is a mixture of a

solute dissolved in a solvent.

Which of the following do all cells have?

DNA RNA Cell membrane Ribosomes

Plant cells have organelles called _____ that carry out photosynthesis to make sugars.

chloroplasts

When red blood cells are placed in a hypertonic environment, they will _____.

crenate

While examining a cell under a microscope, you observe a nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. You are examining a _____ cell.

eukaryotic

Whether in a gas, a liquid, or a semisolid, diffusion always occurs

from high to low solute concentration.

When soaked in an isotonic solution, water will move ____ the red blood cells.

in and out in equal amounts of

When soaked in a hypotonic solution, water will move ____ the red blood cells.

into

When placed in an isotonic environment, Elodea will _____.

remain unchanged

Which organelle functions as the control center of a eukaryotic cell?

nucleus

When soaked in a hypertonic solution, water will move ____ the red blood cells.

out of

A cell contains intracellular fluid that is 0.9% nonpenetrating solutes. If this cell is placed into 5% NaCI solution, what direction will net water movement occur?

out of the cell

Osmosis involves which type of membrane transport?

Diffusion

Which of the following organelles are found in both plant and animal cells?

Mitochondria Nucleus Ribosomes Golgi apparatus

Osmosis involves the movement of what substance?

water

Which of the following solutions contains the lowest concentration of water molecules?

1 liter of 20% salt solution

When comparing two full 1 liter bottles of solutions, which one contains more water: 5% glucose solution or 10% glucose solution?

5% glucose solution

What does water pass through during osmosis?

A selectively permeable membrane

Which organelle or cell part is found in animal cells but not in plant cells?

Centrioles

Which organelles and cell parts are found in plant cells but not animal cells?

Chloroplasts Cell wall

Molecular motion occurs in which of the following substances?

Gas Semisolid Liquid

What is the appropriate label for the depicted Elodea cell?

Hypertonic

What type of solution was this red blood cell placed in?

Hypertonic

What type of solution will cause plasmolysis?

Hypertonic

What type of extracellular solution would cause water to move into the cell leading to swelling, and possibly lysis?

Hypotonic

Match each eukaryotic cell structure to its function. Instructions

Mitochondria matches Choice Location of cellular respiration, which produces ATP Rough endoplasmic reticulum matches Choice Network of membranes studded with ribosomes; plays a role in protein synthesis Chloroplast matches Choice The location of photosynthesis in plants and some protists Central vacuole matches Choice A large, fluid-filled sac for storing water and metabolites in plants Smooth endoplasmic reticulum matches Choice Network of membranes that is the site of lipid synthesis and detoxification

Which of the following best describes molecular motion?

Molecules move in random directions.

What does it mean for a membrane to be semipermeable?

Only certain things can get through.

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, which direction is the net movement of water?

Out of the cell because the water is attracted to move toward the higher solute concentration.

Which of the following are features all cells have in common?

Plasma membrane Cytoplasm

What is the appropriate label for the depicted Elodea cell?

Plasmolyzed cell

A membrane allows water through but will not allow any solutes to pass. What type of membrane is this?

Selectively permeable

Which of the following is NOT a factor in tonicity?

Selectively permeable membrane

Which of the following structures are common to animal cells?

Smooth ER Rough ER Nucleus Mitochondria Centrioles Cell membrane

Imagine you have solute molecules at a very high concentration at a specific location within a solvent. All molecules move around randomly. What will result over a period of time?

Solute molecules will spread out evenly reaching equilibrium.

Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane?

Surrounds the cytoplasm Location of organelles and other contents of cell Boundary between inside of cell and its environment

A membrane allows glucose through but not sucrose and galactose. What type of membrane is this?

The ability of a solution to change the volume of a cell by osmosis.

What is a cell?

The basic unit of life

Which of the following factors are responsible for the osmotic pressure of a solution?

The concentration of non-permeating solute Membrane permeability

Which of the following factors affect the tonicity of a solution surrounding a cell?

The concentration of nonpermeating solutes outside of the cell compared to inside of the cell

Which of the following affect(s) the osmotic pressure of a solution?

The number (concentration) of solute particles it contains

Suppose you add solute molecules that are highly concentrated to water, and diffusion of the solute occurs very quickly. What will happen to the distribution of the solute after a long time?

The solute concentration will be the same everywhere.

A selectively permeable membrane is placed between two solutions. The membrane is only permeable to water. On the RIGHT side is a 10% salt solution. On the LEFT side is distilled water (100% water). In which direction will a net movement of water occur?

Toward the RIGHT

Plant cells have a cell membrane and a cell wall.

True

Which of the following are true statements regarding osmosis?

Water molecules will move across the membrane toward an area of higher solute concentration.

The smallest unit of life that can function independently and perform all of the activities necessary for life is called a(n)

cell

Plant cells have a _____ just inside their cell wall.

cell membrane

Plant cells have an organelle that stores water and metabolites called a

central vacuole.

The specific animal cell structure that helps to reorganize microtubules is

centrioles.

A photograph of a magnified specimen that is taken through a microscope is called a(n)

micrographs

Cells and organelles might be photographed using a microscope, producing a photograph called a(n)

micrographs

What is the appropriate label for the depicted Elodea cell?

normal

A concentration gradient exists in a solution when the concentration of solutes in the solution is

not the same everywhere.

When water moves into red blood cells placed in a hypotonic environment, they will _____.

swell and hemolyze

When water moves into red blood cells placed in a hypotonic environment, they will

swell and hemolyze.

When the Elodea is placed in a hypotonic solution, the cell becomes more turgid, or in other words, the cell ______.

swells

A cell is

the smallest structural and functional unit of all living things.

During osmosis, water will move

through a selectively permeable membrane and from the area with lower solute concentration to the area of higher solute concentration.