Chapter 5: Blues Revisionism: The Second British Invastion

Name the first British blues hit in America and the band that recorded it. What was the original version of this song? Who wrote it, and who was among the first to record it? Whose version did the Animals model their cover after?

"House of the Rising Sun" by the Animals. The original song was "the rising sun blues" which was an old country blues song written by John A. And Alan Lomax recorded by Woody Gunthrie. The animals modeled on Bob Dylans version from his debut album

Name The Rolling Stones first #1 hit in the US that transformed them into international pop icons:

(I cant get No) Satisfaction

Name 4 original songs by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards that the band did not record (and name the artist who recorded them).

- That girl belongs to yesterday (rec. Gene Pitney) -Suprise, Suprise -lulu -Blue turns to grey-Cliff Richard -Take it or leave it -the searchers.

Who were Jimmy Page's earliest folk and blue influences

1. Folk: Bert Jansch and John Renbourn 2. Blues: BB King and Elmore James.

In Led Zeppelin's debut album list its 4 unacknowledged covers and the artists who originated them:

1. How many more times (Howlin Wolf) 2. Babe I'm gonna leave you (Anne Braden) 3. Black Mountain Slide (Bert Jansch) 4. Dazed and Confuesd (Jake Holmes)

Name 3 of Jeff Becks earliest Guitar influences:

1. Influence to pick up guitar: Les Paul 2. Rock and Roll influence: Cliff Gallup 3. Jazz/country picking influence: Chet Atkins

With their debut album and 5x5, the Jagger/Richards output was minimal and stylistically had a gritty blues influenced sound. But starting with their next album we will see the beginning of 2 gradual changes. What were they? -What was that next album and what were the 2 most notable covers?

1. There collaborative output will increase. 2, they will sound less like gritty blues and become progressively more original. Next album was 12x5. Most notable covers were Its all over Now and Time is on my side.

Name 6 reasons why white, middle class, British art school students found black American blues so attractive:

1. They were entranced with the raw intensity derived from gospel driven emotion and passion. 2. The Grit 3. Sexuality 4. Foundation 5. Artistic Expression 6. A classical style of music

How would you describe the following elements that Jimmy Page's artistry brought to Led Zeppelin?

1. Thick textures: it would become pervasive that all traces of traditional American blues would be masked over. 2. All Riff: tick texture format gave rise to this technique. Thick chordal texture-Everyone plays the same riff. 3. Guitar Solos: rapid fire and at blinding speeds.

What device did Keith Richards use to make the main, repeated guitar riff sound like a form section?

A Gibson fuzz box

Name the first Rolling Stones album completely comprised of original songs: -Brian Jones new interest was to pick up new instruments. Name 3 songs (and the new instrument for each) that were the result of his new contribution (of expanding the groups instrumental palette).

Aftermath (June 1966) -Paint it Black (the Indian sitar was used) -Under My Thumb (the Marimba used) -Lady Jane (the Dulcimer used)

How would you describe The Rolling Stones alternative model compared to the Beatles template? In other words, what alternative model did they (the Rolling Stones) standardize in rock and roll? What was their alternative personality in comparison to the Beatles?

Alternative model: lead singer as front man, although Mick Jagger was not the first lead singer to become frontman he did give this model the most exposure thereby setting a percent. As a result The Rolling Stones quintet setup (with lead singer) became the new standard alternative to the Beatles template of the self contained electric guitar quartet.

Describe the practice of "Rave Up"

An improvisational approach (during a jam in the middle of an R&B cover) where the group accelerates the tempo together and rises up to a louder dynamic climax. Then bringing the music down to a softer tone and gradually back up to the original tempo.

Who became their gamechanging manager? What were the 4 significant changes that he spearheaded?

Andrew Loog Oldham. 1. Image 2. Record Deal 3. Sacking of Ian Stewart 4. Songwriting Converts.

Who were the first to capture the sound of Chicago Blues in the recording studio? What was their label's name from 1946-50? The new name in 1950 was:

Aristocrat Records (1947-1950) new name was Chess Records (1950-)

After bringing literally locked in a kitchen, what was the first song that Mich Jagger and Keith Richards wrote together? (Name the artist who recorded it)

As Tears Go By recorded by Marianne Faithful.

Which album marked the return of The Rolling Stones to their blues roots? What poignant sound did this album carry? Which single from this album was rock and roll oriented with lyrics reflective of the antiwar protest riots and revolutionary atmosphere of the late 1960's?

Beggars Banquet. It carried poignant, Mississippi Delta blues/folk sound with songs such as No expectations and Salt of the earth. -Street Fighting Man.

Name 5 of Robert Plants blues influences. Name his R&B favorites.

Blues: Buddy Guy, Little Walter, Muddy Waters, Howlin Wolf and Jimmy Whitherspoon. R&B: Bo Diddley, Solomon Burke, Arthur Alexander and Ben E. King.

Who was Jimi Hendrix's gamechanger? What would he do for Hendrix? Name the band that resulted for Hendrix. His comanager came up with the name to focus completely on Jimi as frontman. When was their debut?

Brian "Chas" Chandler. He became his manager, taking him to London. Making the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Their debut was oct 13 1966 at the Novelty Theater in Evreux France.

What type of artist (instrumentalist) did British blues revisionism transform from a sideman to a front and center virtuoso icon? What were the keys to the originality of the British artists? In other words, why would they sound different from their American counterparts?

British artist would make their business to emulate and learn about American blues artists. And in process become virtuosos in their own right. Transforming the electric guitarist from a background person in Rock and Roll to an accomplished artist standing front and center. Keys to Originality:the British blues would sound different

Which Chicago blues artist became the touchstone by which Jeff Beck could synthesize his 3 earliest influences directly into his own (Becks) blues oriented lead guitar sound?

Buddy Guy.

What type of electric blues was most influential to British blues artists (hint: its named after a city)? Name at least 7 of those blues artists:

Chicago Blues -Muddy Walters, John Lee Hooker, Howlin Wolf, Sonny Boy Williamson, Otis Rush, Buddy Guy, Elmore James.

What was Country Blues? Name 3 country blues artist that were celebrated by British Blues artists: -of these artists, who was the one that best embodied the so-called romantic rhythm of the lone blues guitarist?

Country Blues: first body of black American music to lay down these basic blues structures. -Charlie Patton -Robert Johnson (best embodied romantic rhythm) -Son House

In the album Led Zeppelin III the band would grow beyond heavy blues/rock ability. What was the reason?

Emphasis on the Folk/acoustic bedrock.

Name The Rolling Stones debut album (and year). Name the first original song the Jagger/Richards collaboration recorded by the band. Who was Nanker Phelge? What cover song was the most notable from this album and why?

Englands Newest Hit Makers (may 30 1964) , Nanker was the bands pseydoym specifically used for songs written collectively by the group. Most notable cover was Not Fade Away by buddy holly. First top 10 single in UK and #48 in US.

Who was the lead singer of The Animals?

Eric Burdon

What was the significance of Jimmy Reed's influence of Eric Clapton? Name several other blues/R&B artists that Clapton tried to imitate.

Eric would play repetitive boogie riffs in a 12 bar blues format including and internal sense of musical structure. He also copies blues records of Muddy Waters, BB king, and R&B of Chuck Berry

Who first introduced young Jimi Hendrix to the blues? She also bought him his first guitar.

Ernestine Benson.

What was arguably The Rolling Stones greatest artistic achievement in an album format?

Exile on Main Street

Name the debut album of the Yardbirds. What was the significance of this album?

Five Live Yardbirds. First important live album to emerge from UK boom of the 1960's.

Name the Yardbirds first hit. Why did Eric Clapton hate the song? Why did he leave the Yardbirds?

For Your Love, Eric hated it because he was a blues purist and his devotion (to the blues ) was at a fanatical level. And the band was not at his level. He saw this as the beginning of the end.

What artist inspired Eric Clapton to become a lead guitarist?

Freddie King

What was the last album of the Jimmy Miller era? What was the musically oriented direction of this album?

Goats Head Soup Pop oriented direction with glossy production techniques, strings, horns, and wah wah pedals.

What made Hendrix consummate frontman with regard to his preformance style? What 2 guitar playing styles could he do simultaneously?

He could play lead and rhythm guitar and sing simultaneously on stage making I'm consummate frontman by giving the frontman/guitarist persona.

In the guitar solo in the Nazz Are Blue, what technique did Jeff Beck incorporate over the I-IV-V blues harmonic progression? This was an example of expanding the musical language over the I-IV-V format.

He incorporated a feedback loop based on one sustained pitch help almost completely throughout the entire solo.

When Jimi Hendrix returned to America to preform at the Monterey Pop Festival, he returned not as a cover guy but rather, what did he return as? -during his performance, what did he do that stole the show?

He returned as fronting a rock band and playing with complete originality aided by Roger Mayer technology producing distortion and other sounds that no one had ever heard. He lit his guitar on fire.

Jimmy Reed Influence: to Brian Jones and Keith Richards, what was the magic of Jimmy Reeds influence all about? Main covers: in the end, they initially specialized in preforming covers of Chess Record artists. Name 5 of them.

He understood the magic of repitition, of monotony, transforming itself to become this sort of hypnotic trans like thing. Main covers of chess recording artists: Muddy Waters, Howlin Wolf, Jimmy Reed, Bo diddley and chuck berry.

Name the first Yardbirds hit that Jeff Beck recorded on. Which device did he use that enabled him to sustain notes while simultaneously distorting them? (He wanted to emulate the Indian sitar-oriented influence)

Heart Full Of Soul. He used a Roger Mayer Fuzz box.

Who was the catalyst for the formation of The Rolling Stones? Name the place and date of The Rolling Stones debut performance.

Ian Stewart was the catalyst, the place was called The Marquee Club in London on July 12, 1962.

In the album Led Zeppelin II what would be the result of Jimmy Pages studio experience-what would it culminate in? What kind of sound did the album have as a result?

In multitracking of layered guitar work giving the albums sound a greater sense of heaviness and harsh distortion.

How did Jimi Hendrix distort his influences with a makeshift fuzz box made by Roger Mayer? How did he further distort (rather than emulate) his blues influences?

It distorted the notes and gave his guitar sound more heaviness and density. He was further distorting by flashy solos, use of feedback, extreme sting bending, and fuzz box technology.

What was Mick Taylors final album with The Rolling Stones?

It's Only Rock n Roll

BY the end of 1967, The Rolling Stones has run out of steam. Who became their initial lifeline that would guide them through arguably their most creative period? -Name the 5 Rolling Stones album that he had produced: -what was the key for The Rolling Stones under this producer? In other words what did they go back to?

Jimmy Miller. Albums: Beggars Banquet, Let it bleed, Sticky fingers, Exile on Main st, Goats Head soup. The key: back to the basics.

Who was Vee Jay Records primary blues artist?

Jimmy Reed

Which Led Zeppelin Album Synthesized their eclectic styles and influences under one deep blend? Which song was the epic centerpiece and arguably, the best known (song) on this album? It best represented their new blend of previous influences. List 4 of its eclectic highlights:

Led Zeppelin IV (1971) Stairway to Heaven. Eclectic Highlights: Opens up with acoustic fold guitar accompanying a solo line played on recorder. (Page 199)

Name Brian Jones final album with The Rolling Stones in 1969:

Let it bleed

Name the 6 original members of The Rolling Stones: -which one of these original members left the group and who were the replacements?

Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Brian Jones, Ian Stewart, Dick Taylor, Mick Avery. -Later additions: Bill Wyman, Charlie watts, Mick Taylor, Ronnie wood.

WHo became The Rolling Stones first and only bona fide lead guitarist? With the addition of this new official member what did The Rolling Stones become once again> what was the division (of duties) between The Rolling Stones two guitarists? Which Rolling Stones album in 1971 featured his guitar solos/leads throughout the entire format of songs? It was also his first complete studio album with the group.

Mick Taylor, they became a complete band once again. Division with guitar players-rhythm and lead. Get your Ya Yas out

What was the significance of the addition of Ronnie Wood in terms of the 2-guitar formula?

More muscular, metal driven approach to their signature rhythm guitar riff craft.

What original song was Whole Lotta Love taken from? Who was the first to record it? From which arrangement of this song did Jimmy Page borrow from, for his arrangement of Whole lotta love? (List song and artist)

Muddy Waters First to record: You need Love by Muddy Waters written by Willie Dixon.

Explain the concept of a practice known as "All-Riff", Led Zeppelin's practice of All Riff became the bridge -the final destination point to what?

Originally a heavy blues practice where the phrase structures and thickly textured guitars were scaled down to unison riffs/melodies with the bass and at times the vocals. For the heavy metal juggernaut to follow.

Name The Rolling Stones album that marked the completion of the transition from a blues oriented sound to their guitar-based rock and roll style that gained them widespread notoriety. List 3 components of the new Jagger/Richards songwriting formula. What was the first song where they honed in this new songwriting formula?

Out of Our Heads (Aug 1965) 3 components: Catchy easily memorable, repeated electric guitar riff that serves as the main instrumental theme. Mich Jaggers pop tunesmithism that is again catchy, easily memorable, and singable. Choruses that are tuneful stand out in contrast to the verse sections, done in vocal unison/harmonization First song that honed was The Last Time.

Which English label distributed Chess Recordings throughout the UK thereby making these records easy to obtain? Which Chess recording was among the first to benefit from this distribution arrangement? It became a hit on the white charts.

P.Y.E Internasional. First record to benifit was "Smokestack Lightnin" by Howlin Wolf.

Jeff Beck began mastering his experimental sounds with incredible technique. List at least 6 of those techniques (of his experimentation):

Playing at the top part of the guitar neck above the nut. Playing off the fingerboard adjacent to the pick up. Detain the strings Extreme over ending of strings Feedback The bison Echoric.

Name the Yardbirds most important album released in 1966. This album was different, instead of emulating or lightening up their blues influences, what did Jeff Becks eclectic approach to his sonic experimentation do to those blues influences? This album became a pivot point by which a new process would begin. What would this process lead to and eventually culminate in?

Roger The Engineer. Becks approach would distort them and transcend these blues influences into something new. Became a pivot point, tge process would lead to and gradually culminate in the advent of Heavy Metal in the late 1960s

As a session musician for Decca Records, Jimmy Page acquired his studio expertise by working with 2 producers Who were they?

Shel Tammy and Mickie Most

Name Jimi Hendrix first released single: name his second and 3rd released singles.

Side A was Hey Joe, Side B was Stone Free. Purple Haze (2nd) 3rd: The wind cries Mary.

What analog devise enabled Jeff Beck to use varying degrees of reverberation and up to 12 echo settings? Which device enabled delays of exact durations?

The Bison Echorec The Klemperer Echolette

At which venue did The Rolling Stones build their initial fan base?

The Crawdaddy Club the back room of the station Hotel In Richmond, Surrey.

Name the club that Alexis Korner's founded? What was the significance of this venue? Name his band:

The Ealing Club house band, this is where ideas were shared, networking would be done, and blues/R&B bands would be formed.

After is NYC arrival, which well established groups did he tour with as a sideman?

The Isley Brothers, Little Richard, King Curtis, Ike and TIna Turner.

In which band did Jimi Hendrix have his first experience as frontman. At this time which blues legend was he studying?

The Kasuals. He was studying Muddy Waters, Jimmy Reed, Slim Harpo and Albert King

Who was the first breakthrough band to rise from the UK blues scene?

The Rolling Stones.

Name the blues band that solidified Jeff Becks legendary status-they were the main attraction at Eel Pie Island.

The Tridents

Name the band managed by Giorgio Gomelsky that transformed Eric Clapton into a bona fide, full time musician. What was his first recorded single with this band? As a lead guitarist for this band, within the covers of Slim Harpo and Howlin' Wold, which guitarist did Clapton continue to emulate (in his lead solos).

The Yardbirds, his first recorded single was a cover of Billy Boy Arnold tune I wish you could and next was Good Morning little schoolgirl of sonny boy Williamson. Eric maintained the emulating style of Freddie King.

Name the 3 most important early British Blues bands:

The animals, the yardbirds, The Rolling Stones

What was Eric Clapton first band?

The roosters

How was the Yardbirds performance style different from the other early bands just mentioned? What did they do that the others did not?

The yardbirds were white middle class cuburbanities, presented their band of blues in group format.

During their early collaboration, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards both had identical musical tastes. Name 3 classic blues artists that they studied. They eventually branched out to R&B artists, name 2 that they studied. What was the musical focus of these 5 influences that would be the hallmark of the Jagger/Richards collaboration to come?

They both studied: Jimmy Reed, Big Bill Broonzy, and John Lee Hooker. R&B: Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry. Musical Focus: rhythmically focused, there repetitive rhythmic influence would be the hallmark of their collaboration to come.

How did Led Zeppelin disguise thei unacknowledged cover version, which they called Whole Lotta Love? (Hint: the answer is located at the end of the first paragraph of Led Zeppelin II)

They crewed it to Page, Plant, Jones and Bonham (not Dixon)

What was The Rolling Stones limitation? In other words, what did they lack? In what alternative way did they turn this disadvantage into advantage? How was it done? What was the result?

They lacked a lead Guitarist. They turned this into an advantage by focusing on rhythm. It was done by Rhythm guitars (Keith Richards and Brian jones), and a Rhythm Section with Bill Wyman on bass and Charlie Watts on the drums. The result was the band has a tight well oiled rhythm machine backing up Mick Jaggers voice and blues harmonica playing.

To what level did Led Zeppelin did take the process of heavy sounding, distorted electric blues?

Took the process of heavy sounding, distorted electric blues and brought it to its logical artistic limit.

Jimmy Pages fully developed unique sound was in part, a product of his eclectic background. This eclecticism was a combination of...

Traditional electric blues, English acoustic folk music, Celtic folk music, and influences from Indian and Arabic music.

What was the difference between country and urban blues?

Urban Blues had the addition of different timbres to the traditional blues mix.

With the first power trio, the Cream (Eric Clapton, Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker) did they all improvise simultaneously? -what other conic aspect made their sound completely different from conventional blues thereby creating a genre called "heavy blues"? -Which black American blues guitarist was Eric Claptons main influence when he preformed with the Cream?

Yes. They would do a revisionist version of a Robert Johnson classic. Jimi Hendrix.