Chapter 5: Infectious Diseases

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Allergen

A substance to which your body is particularly sensitive.

Hepatitis A

A virus that is spread through fecally contaminated food, water, or objects.

Resistance

Ability to fight an invading germ, has much to do with the symptoms you will experience.

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Communicable Diseases

All diseases that are caused by the spread of germs.

Infectious Disease

All diseases that are caused by the spread of germs.

Syphilis

An STD that looks like many other STDs.

3 ways germs can be spread

Direct contact, contact with objects, contact with animals.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Sterility

Inability to produce offspring.

T-Cells

Lymphocytes that fight germ cells by several means.

B-Cells

Lymphocytes that make antibodies that attack germ cells.

Chlamydia

Most common STD in the U.S.

Bacteria

One-celled organisms that come in many shapes and grow everywhere.

Fungi

Organisms that usually cause diseases of the skin.

The process of infection

Pathogen spreads to host. Host spreads pathogen by various methods to a new host.

Incubation Period

Period of time from which a person becomes infected with a microorganism to the time when they actually have symptoms.

Lymphocytes

White blood cells produced by the lymph nodes.

5 Suggestions for fighting the common cold.

(1) Eat well (2) Get plenty of rest (3) Exercise regularly (4) Keep the stress in your life in balance (5) Avoid smoking

8 ways your body protects your from diseases

(1) your skin (2) Mucous membranes (3) Hair on the skin and in nose and ears (4) Blinking the eyes (5) Eyelashes (6) Vomitting (7) Diarrhea (8) Antibodies

Vaccine

A mixture of weakened or killed germ cells that cause the body to produce antibodies to fight that particular disease.

Disease

Any condition that negatively affects the normal functioning of the mind or body.

Gonorrhea

Called the "preventer of life."

Symptoms

Changes in the body that signal a particular disease is present.

Chronic Disease

Disease that develops gradually and may persist for years.

Acute Disease

Diseases that develop suddenly with symptoms that are often severe.

Chlamydia is often called the "preventer of life" because it can cause sterility in both females and males.

False

Gonorrhea is the most common of the sexually transmitted diseases, yet the most difficult to discover.

False

Hepatitis A is much more serious than Hepatitis B.

False

Herpes Simplex I causes painful sores in the genital area.

False

Mononucleosis results in a high number of red blood cells in the body.

False

Pathogens

Germs or microorganisms that cause diseases.

Viruses

Responsible for more infections then any other pathogen.

Herpes Simplex II

STD that causes a painful rash on the reproductive organs.

STD

Sexually transmitted disease. A disease that is passed from one person to another through sexual contact.

Gamma Globulin

Shot of protein given within the first week of infections that can protect people who have come in contact with someone who has hepatitis.

Hepatitis B

Spread through direct contact with the infected person or through infected needles and can cause extensive liver damage.

Immune System

The body's natural defense system.

Carrier

The person who has the germ but does not seem to be suffering from the illness.

Homeostasis

The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment despite external changes.

Opportunistic Infections

Those diseases that do not normally affect a person with a healthy immune system, but do take advantage of a person with AIDS.

A form of pneumonia is an opportunistic disease.

True

Syphilis is often called the "great imitator" because it looks like so many other STDs.

True

The AIDS virus attacks a persons immune system.

True

When you take medicine for a cold, you are not treating the virus but only the symptoms of the virus.

True

Lymphatic Network

Vessels that circulate a special body fluid called Lymph.

Antibodies

When the body is invaded by a foreign substance, the lymphocytes are triggered to produce these special proteins.


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