Chapter 5: Infectious Diseases
Allergen
A substance to which your body is particularly sensitive.
Hepatitis A
A virus that is spread through fecally contaminated food, water, or objects.
Resistance
Ability to fight an invading germ, has much to do with the symptoms you will experience.
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Communicable Diseases
All diseases that are caused by the spread of germs.
Infectious Disease
All diseases that are caused by the spread of germs.
Syphilis
An STD that looks like many other STDs.
3 ways germs can be spread
Direct contact, contact with objects, contact with animals.
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Sterility
Inability to produce offspring.
T-Cells
Lymphocytes that fight germ cells by several means.
B-Cells
Lymphocytes that make antibodies that attack germ cells.
Chlamydia
Most common STD in the U.S.
Bacteria
One-celled organisms that come in many shapes and grow everywhere.
Fungi
Organisms that usually cause diseases of the skin.
The process of infection
Pathogen spreads to host. Host spreads pathogen by various methods to a new host.
Incubation Period
Period of time from which a person becomes infected with a microorganism to the time when they actually have symptoms.
Lymphocytes
White blood cells produced by the lymph nodes.
5 Suggestions for fighting the common cold.
(1) Eat well (2) Get plenty of rest (3) Exercise regularly (4) Keep the stress in your life in balance (5) Avoid smoking
8 ways your body protects your from diseases
(1) your skin (2) Mucous membranes (3) Hair on the skin and in nose and ears (4) Blinking the eyes (5) Eyelashes (6) Vomitting (7) Diarrhea (8) Antibodies
Vaccine
A mixture of weakened or killed germ cells that cause the body to produce antibodies to fight that particular disease.
Disease
Any condition that negatively affects the normal functioning of the mind or body.
Gonorrhea
Called the "preventer of life."
Symptoms
Changes in the body that signal a particular disease is present.
Chronic Disease
Disease that develops gradually and may persist for years.
Acute Disease
Diseases that develop suddenly with symptoms that are often severe.
Chlamydia is often called the "preventer of life" because it can cause sterility in both females and males.
False
Gonorrhea is the most common of the sexually transmitted diseases, yet the most difficult to discover.
False
Hepatitis A is much more serious than Hepatitis B.
False
Herpes Simplex I causes painful sores in the genital area.
False
Mononucleosis results in a high number of red blood cells in the body.
False
Pathogens
Germs or microorganisms that cause diseases.
Viruses
Responsible for more infections then any other pathogen.
Herpes Simplex II
STD that causes a painful rash on the reproductive organs.
STD
Sexually transmitted disease. A disease that is passed from one person to another through sexual contact.
Gamma Globulin
Shot of protein given within the first week of infections that can protect people who have come in contact with someone who has hepatitis.
Hepatitis B
Spread through direct contact with the infected person or through infected needles and can cause extensive liver damage.
Immune System
The body's natural defense system.
Carrier
The person who has the germ but does not seem to be suffering from the illness.
Homeostasis
The process by which the body maintains a constant internal environment despite external changes.
Opportunistic Infections
Those diseases that do not normally affect a person with a healthy immune system, but do take advantage of a person with AIDS.
A form of pneumonia is an opportunistic disease.
True
Syphilis is often called the "great imitator" because it looks like so many other STDs.
True
The AIDS virus attacks a persons immune system.
True
When you take medicine for a cold, you are not treating the virus but only the symptoms of the virus.
True
Lymphatic Network
Vessels that circulate a special body fluid called Lymph.
Antibodies
When the body is invaded by a foreign substance, the lymphocytes are triggered to produce these special proteins.
