Chapter 5: Interpersonal Communication
Knapp's five stages of coming apart
(1) Differentiating (2) Circumscribing (3) Stagnating (4) Avoidance (5) Termination
Three guidelines for appropriate disclosure
(1) Disclosure generally increases as relational intimacy increases (2) Disclosure tends to be reciprocal (3) Negative disclosure is directly related to the intimacy of the relationship
Interpersonal communication 3 primary factors
(1) Establishing a communicative relationship (2)Generating shared meanings (3)Accomplishing social goals
Five factors affect our relational development
(1) Proximity (2) Attractiveness (3) Responsiveness (4) Similarity (5) Complementarity
Initiating stage
Begins with the first impressions you have of a potential partner
Individuals in interpersonal relationships use some consistent patterns of interaction
Behaviors generally understood across a variety of situations, as well as behaviors unique to the relationship
Interpersonal relationships
Between at least two people who are interdependent, who use consistent patterns of interaction, and who have interacted for an extended period of time
Symbiotic meaning:
Communication affects the growth of relationships, and the growth of relationships affects communicative behavior
Relational maintenance
Establishing strategies for keeping the relationship together
Why do we begin relationships with some people, but not others?
Five factors affect our relational development
Stagnation stage
Sluggish and do not grow or progress
Knapp's relational model for the stages of coming together
Initiating stage, experimenting stage, intensifying stage, integrating stage, and bonding stage
fifth characteristic of Interpersonal communication
Irreversible and unrepeatable
First characteristic of Interpersonal communication
It beings with you (self)
Fourth characteristic of Interpersonal communication
It generally requires that communicators share physical proximity
Third characteristic of Interpersonal communication
It has both content and relationship dimensions
Second characteristic of Interpersonal communication
It is transactional
Deceptive communication
The practice of deliberately making somebody believe things that are untrue
Self-disclosure
The process of making intentional revelations about yourself that others would be unlikely to know and that generally constitute private, sensitive, or confidential information
Abuse, which can be
sexual, physical, mental, and emotional, characterizes that most harmful and destructive of relationships
Termination
The relationship stops completely
Codependency
The tendency to depend on the needs of, or control by, another
Integration stage
Two people begin to merge their lives
Intensifying stage
When the communication between two people changes and deepens
Compliance-gaining
Attempts to persuade another person to do something he or she might not ordinarily do
Generating shared meanings
A communicative relationship, feelings, opinions, ideas, values, and beliefs are exchanged through verbal and nonverbal communication channels in the hopes of achieving some sort of shared meaning
Mark Knapp developed
A model that has been useful in considering how people come together in relationships
Interdependence
A situation in which people are mutually dependent and have an impact on each other
Hurtful messages
Create emotional pain or upset, and they can encourage the end of a relationship
Differentiating stage
Differences are emphasized, as opposed to commonalities
About half of marriages end in __________
Divorce
Establishing communicative relationships
In order for a communicative relation to exist, one person must acknowledge another's desire and intentions to talk about something important to him or her
Circumscribing stage
Limits and boundaries on communication between the two people
What are some of the qualities of negative relationships?
Obsession that includes jealousy certainly creates negative outcomes
Defensiveness
Occurs when a person feels attacked
Aggresiveness
Occurs when people stand up for their rights at the expense of others' and care about their own needs but no one else's
Compliance-resisting
Occurs when targets of influence messages refuse to conform to request
Bargaining
Occurs when two or more parties attempt to reach an agreement on what each should give and receive in the relationship
Avoidance stage
Partners avoid each other, desiring separation
Accomplishing social goals
People pursue a range of social goals through dialogue, including managing impressions; influencing behaviors; clarifying emotions and initiating, maintaining, or ending relationships
Attractiveness
Physical attractiveness, how desirable a person is to work with, and how much "social value" the person has for others
Androgynous
Posses both stereotypically male and stereotypically female traits
Experimentation stage is also known as
Probing stage; because the individuals probe each other for information that would allow them to further the social connection between them
Communication and relationship development are _____________
Symbiotic
Behavioral flexibility
The ability to adapt to new situations and relate in new ways when necessary
Bonding stage
The couple communicate their relationship to others
Similarity
The idea that our relational partners usually like or dislike the same things we do
Complementarity
The idea that we sometimes bond with people who provide something we do not have; in turn we have qualities or characteristics they lack
Responsiveness
The idea that we tent to develop relationships with people who demonstrate positive interest in us
Proximity
The location, distance, or range between persons and things
What coordinates all together to tell him/her how much you care about your relationship?
Your touch, your posture, and your words
Examples of interdependence
a father and son, a husband and wife, and a coworker and boss
In second and third marriages, the failure is even _______
higher
Experimentation stage
make an effort to find some common ground, including background, interests, attitudes, or values
