Chapter 5: Interpersonal Communication

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Knapp's five stages of coming apart

(1) Differentiating (2) Circumscribing (3) Stagnating (4) Avoidance (5) Termination

Three guidelines for appropriate disclosure

(1) Disclosure generally increases as relational intimacy increases (2) Disclosure tends to be reciprocal (3) Negative disclosure is directly related to the intimacy of the relationship

Interpersonal communication 3 primary factors

(1) Establishing a communicative relationship (2)Generating shared meanings (3)Accomplishing social goals

Five factors affect our relational development

(1) Proximity (2) Attractiveness (3) Responsiveness (4) Similarity (5) Complementarity

Initiating stage

Begins with the first impressions you have of a potential partner

Individuals in interpersonal relationships use some consistent patterns of interaction

Behaviors generally understood across a variety of situations, as well as behaviors unique to the relationship

Interpersonal relationships

Between at least two people who are interdependent, who use consistent patterns of interaction, and who have interacted for an extended period of time

Symbiotic meaning:

Communication affects the growth of relationships, and the growth of relationships affects communicative behavior

Relational maintenance

Establishing strategies for keeping the relationship together

Why do we begin relationships with some people, but not others?

Five factors affect our relational development

Stagnation stage

Sluggish and do not grow or progress

Knapp's relational model for the stages of coming together

Initiating stage, experimenting stage, intensifying stage, integrating stage, and bonding stage

fifth characteristic of Interpersonal communication

Irreversible and unrepeatable

First characteristic of Interpersonal communication

It beings with you (self)

Fourth characteristic of Interpersonal communication

It generally requires that communicators share physical proximity

Third characteristic of Interpersonal communication

It has both content and relationship dimensions

Second characteristic of Interpersonal communication

It is transactional

Deceptive communication

The practice of deliberately making somebody believe things that are untrue

Self-disclosure

The process of making intentional revelations about yourself that others would be unlikely to know and that generally constitute private, sensitive, or confidential information

Abuse, which can be

sexual, physical, mental, and emotional, characterizes that most harmful and destructive of relationships

Termination

The relationship stops completely

Codependency

The tendency to depend on the needs of, or control by, another

Integration stage

Two people begin to merge their lives

Intensifying stage

When the communication between two people changes and deepens

Compliance-gaining

Attempts to persuade another person to do something he or she might not ordinarily do

Generating shared meanings

A communicative relationship, feelings, opinions, ideas, values, and beliefs are exchanged through verbal and nonverbal communication channels in the hopes of achieving some sort of shared meaning

Mark Knapp developed

A model that has been useful in considering how people come together in relationships

Interdependence

A situation in which people are mutually dependent and have an impact on each other

Hurtful messages

Create emotional pain or upset, and they can encourage the end of a relationship

Differentiating stage

Differences are emphasized, as opposed to commonalities

About half of marriages end in __________

Divorce

Establishing communicative relationships

In order for a communicative relation to exist, one person must acknowledge another's desire and intentions to talk about something important to him or her

Circumscribing stage

Limits and boundaries on communication between the two people

What are some of the qualities of negative relationships?

Obsession that includes jealousy certainly creates negative outcomes

Defensiveness

Occurs when a person feels attacked

Aggresiveness

Occurs when people stand up for their rights at the expense of others' and care about their own needs but no one else's

Compliance-resisting

Occurs when targets of influence messages refuse to conform to request

Bargaining

Occurs when two or more parties attempt to reach an agreement on what each should give and receive in the relationship

Avoidance stage

Partners avoid each other, desiring separation

Accomplishing social goals

People pursue a range of social goals through dialogue, including managing impressions; influencing behaviors; clarifying emotions and initiating, maintaining, or ending relationships

Attractiveness

Physical attractiveness, how desirable a person is to work with, and how much "social value" the person has for others

Androgynous

Posses both stereotypically male and stereotypically female traits

Experimentation stage is also known as

Probing stage; because the individuals probe each other for information that would allow them to further the social connection between them

Communication and relationship development are _____________

Symbiotic

Behavioral flexibility

The ability to adapt to new situations and relate in new ways when necessary

Bonding stage

The couple communicate their relationship to others

Similarity

The idea that our relational partners usually like or dislike the same things we do

Complementarity

The idea that we sometimes bond with people who provide something we do not have; in turn we have qualities or characteristics they lack

Responsiveness

The idea that we tent to develop relationships with people who demonstrate positive interest in us

Proximity

The location, distance, or range between persons and things

What coordinates all together to tell him/her how much you care about your relationship?

Your touch, your posture, and your words

Examples of interdependence

a father and son, a husband and wife, and a coworker and boss

In second and third marriages, the failure is even _______

higher

Experimentation stage

make an effort to find some common ground, including background, interests, attitudes, or values


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