Chapter 5 NU
Sally is carefully planning her meals. Which food would be LESS likely to raise her blood glucose levels?
beans
Type 2 diabetes:
begins with insulin resistance.
Glycemic load calculates the effect of the actual serving size of food on_____.
blood glucose
What fraction of American adults older than 20 years are estimated to be prediabetic?
1/3
The fasting blood glucose level of _____ mg per 100 ml is required for the diagnosis of prediabetes.
100 to 125
The lowest fasting blood glucose concentration that would result in a diagnosis of diabetes is:
126 mg/dl.
According to the American Diabetes Association, more than _____% of American adults have prediabetes.
33
What is the highest blood glucose concentration that would be classified as hypoglycemic?
69 mg/dl
Saturated fats should be limited to less than _____% of the total calories.
7
Today about _____ percent of the people with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Correct: 90
90
Which of the following is NOT true of type 2 diabetes?
Individuals with type 2 diabetes do not need to monitor blood glucose levels.
_____ is a potent anabolic hormone because it stimulates the synthesis of large molecules to be stored.
Insulin
Which of the following is NOT true of type 2 diabetes early in the progression of the disease?
Insulin concentrations in blood are low.
Which statement about insulin resistance is true?
It is estimated that 35% of adults in the United States are insulin resistant.
How will epinephrine affect blood glucose concentrations?
It stimulates the liver to release glucose into blood.
What is the primary function of glucagon?
It stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.
Which factor contributes to developing type 2 diabetes?
Sedentary lifestyle
Why do resistant starches cause a slower rise in blood glucose than nonresistant starches?
They are slowly digested because amylase has difficulty accessing them.
When high glycemic index foods are eaten with fat, protein, or fiber, the rise in blood glucose will be less dramatic rise because they:
delay gastric emptying.
Diagnosed with diabetes, Bill regularly monitors his blood glucose levels. Which is NOT a benefit of blood glucose monitoring?
delivering insulin.
Which of the following symptoms would NOT be experienced by someone with untreated type 1 diabetes?
diminished appetite
A dietary factor associated with weight gain among people with type 2 diabetes includes:
energy-dense diet
Resistant starch is not broken down by digestive _____.
enzymes
Which of the following does NOT increase a woman's risk of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy?
family history of type 1 diabetes
Pancreatic hormones insulin and _____ maintain blood glucose levels in a narrow range.
glucagon
When blood glucose falls, the pancreas secretes _____ into the bloodstream.
glucagon
Hyperglycemia occurs when blood _____ is high.
glucose
Insulin does NOT stimulate the production of:
glucose.
Excess glucose is stored as _____ in the liver.
glycogen
Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, Joseph is overweight and maintains a sedentary lifestyle. He is at increased risk for:
heart disease.
Whenever Carlos experiences rapid heart rate, fatigue, irritability, headache, and hunger, he checks his blood glucose for _____.
hypoglycemia
Which lifestyle change would NOT help normalize blood glucose levels?
increasing time spent watching television
To avoid regular injections, Maria wears a device called a(n) _____ to deliver insulin as needed.
insulin pump
With regular exercise, James is able to increase his:
insulin sensitivity.
When blood glucose levels rise following a meal, the _____ secretes insulin into the bloodstream.
pancreas
Insulin resistance during pregnancy causes the mother's blood to increase and cross the _____ of the developing infant.
placenta
To keep blood glucose from going low, Remi includes some _____ along with carbohydrates in meals and snacks.
protein
Blood glucose can be kept at a healthy level by _____.
regular physical activity
Regular exercise helps Ivan control his diabetes because physical activity improves insulin
sensitivity
Which of these foods would have the lowest glycemic index?
skim milk
Maria eats foods high in _____ fiber to help control her blood glucose levels.
soluble
Efforts are made to regenerate cells that produce insulin through the use of embryonic or adult _____ cells.
stem
To prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes, Molly can:
stop smoking cigs.
When consuming equal amounts of carbohydrate, which of these foods will produce the slowest rise in blood glucose?
sugar-sweetened soft drink
When a developing fetus is exposed to excess glucose:
the infant accumulates excess fat.
A pregnant woman with gestational diabetes has a higher incidence of cesarean delivery because:
the infant is larger than average.
Insulin does NOT stimulate the uptake of glucose into:
the liver
When blood glucose is low, _____ will synthesize new glucose molecules.
the liver
Karen is eating two or more weekly servings of fish to obtain these omega fatty acids: omega _____ fatty acids.
three
Which one of the following servings of food will have the highest glycemic load?
total mass: 150 g, total carbs: 60 g, GI: 60
Although gestational diabetes went away after Sally gave birth, both she and her baby will remain at a higher risk for developing _____ later in life.
type 2 diabetes
Which factor would NOT impact blood glucose levels?
vitamin supplementation
The lowest prevalence of type 2 diabetes occurs among which group of people?
white people
Consuming a large quantity of which of these foods would be most likely to cause reactive hypoglycemia?
whole wheat bread
Type _____ diabetes is an autoimmune disease.
1
Which of the following is NOT true of type 2 diabetes?
If untreated, ketoacidosis often develops.
The physician who isolated the hormone insulin from the pancreas is:
Dr. Banting
Which of the following statements about gestational diabetes is NOT true?
High levels of insulin from the mother cross the placenta and stimulate fetal growth.
Which of the following is NOT a good example of a food that is high in resistant starch?
apple
Diabetes does NOT increase the risk of which of the following complications?
cancer
In an effort to control his blood glucose levels, Jose is counting grams of which macronutrient?
carbohydrate
Insulin resistance occurs when:
cells respond poorly to insulin.
During starvation there is an increase in the synthesis of _____ as insulin levels drop, which decreases the rate of skeletal muscle loss.
ketone bodies
Some individuals with diabetes are instructed to inspect their feet daily because they may not be aware of wounds on the bottom of their feet. For what reason might someone with diabetes not realize that they have a wound on the bottom of a foot?
nerve damage
A risk factor for gestational diabetes includes:
obese prior to pregnancy.
The most significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes is:
obesity