Chapter 5 Nutrition For Healthy Living
Pre-diabetes Blood Glucose Level
100 to 125 mg/dl
Diabetes Blood Glucose Level
126 mg/dl or more
Normal Blood Glucose Level
70 to 99 mg/dl
Carbonhydrates
Class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body.
Diverticula
abnormal, tiny sacs that form in wall of colon
Hyperglycemia
abnormally high blood glucose level
Ketone Bodies
chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown
Complex Carbonhydrates (polysaccharides)
compounds comprised of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together
Metabolic Syndrome
condition that increases risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD
Hypoglycemia
condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is abnormally low
Sucrose
disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a fructose molecule; "table sugar"
Lactose
disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule; "milk sugar"
Maltose
disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecule; "malt sugar"
Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus
elevated blood glucose levels, excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurry vision
Pancreatic Amylase
enzyme secreted by pancreas that breaks down starch into maltose molecules
Salivary Amylase
enzyme secreted by salivary glands that begins starch digestion
Lactase
enzyme that splits lactose molecule
Sucrase
enzyme that splits sucrose molecule
Lipolysis
fat breakdown
Insoluble Fiber
forms of dietary fibber that generally do not dissolve in water
Soluble Fiber
forms of dietary fiber that dissolve or swell in water
Glycogenolysis
glycogen breakdown
Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes)
group of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism
Syndrome
group of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a specific health problem
Nonnutritive Sweeteners
group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweet tasting compared to sugar
Epinephrine
hormone produced by adrenal glands; also called adrenalin
Insulin/Glucagon
hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels
Lactose Intolerance
inability to digest lactose properly
Dietary Fibers (Fiber)
indigestible plant material, most types are polysaccharides
Signs of Metabolic Syndrome
large waist, elevated blood pressure (hypertension), elevated triglycerides, Low cholesterol, High glucose
Fructose
monosaccharide that is a component of lactose.
Glucose
monosaccharide that is primary fuel for muscle and other cells;"dextrose" or "blood sugar"
What Organs are Involve with Digestion
mouth, stomach, small intestine, liver, large intestine, and rectum
Disaccharide
simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides.
Monosaccharide
simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates.
Glycogen
storage polysaccharide in animals
Starch
storage polysaccharide in plants
Nutritive Sweeteners
substances that sweeten and contribute energy to foods
Alternative Sweeteners
substances that sweeten foods while providing few or no kilocalories
Added Sugar
sugars added to foods during processing or preparation
