Chapter 5 Nutrition For Healthy Living

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Pre-diabetes Blood Glucose Level

100 to 125 mg/dl

Diabetes Blood Glucose Level

126 mg/dl or more

Normal Blood Glucose Level

70 to 99 mg/dl

Carbonhydrates

Class of nutrients that is a major source of energy for the body.

Diverticula

abnormal, tiny sacs that form in wall of colon

Hyperglycemia

abnormally high blood glucose level

Ketone Bodies

chemicals that result from incomplete fat breakdown

Complex Carbonhydrates (polysaccharides)

compounds comprised of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together

Metabolic Syndrome

condition that increases risk of type 2 diabetes and CVD

Hypoglycemia

condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is abnormally low

Sucrose

disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a fructose molecule; "table sugar"

Lactose

disaccharide comprised of a glucose and a galactose molecule; "milk sugar"

Maltose

disaccharide comprised of two glucose molecule; "malt sugar"

Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus

elevated blood glucose levels, excessive thirst, frequent urination, blurry vision

Pancreatic Amylase

enzyme secreted by pancreas that breaks down starch into maltose molecules

Salivary Amylase

enzyme secreted by salivary glands that begins starch digestion

Lactase

enzyme that splits lactose molecule

Sucrase

enzyme that splits sucrose molecule

Lipolysis

fat breakdown

Insoluble Fiber

forms of dietary fibber that generally do not dissolve in water

Soluble Fiber

forms of dietary fiber that dissolve or swell in water

Glycogenolysis

glycogen breakdown

Diabetes Mellitus (Diabetes)

group of serious chronic diseases characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Syndrome

group of signs and symptoms that occur together and indicate a specific health problem

Nonnutritive Sweeteners

group of synthetic compounds that are intensely sweet tasting compared to sugar

Epinephrine

hormone produced by adrenal glands; also called adrenalin

Insulin/Glucagon

hormone that helps regulate blood glucose levels

Lactose Intolerance

inability to digest lactose properly

Dietary Fibers (Fiber)

indigestible plant material, most types are polysaccharides

Signs of Metabolic Syndrome

large waist, elevated blood pressure (hypertension), elevated triglycerides, Low cholesterol, High glucose

Fructose

monosaccharide that is a component of lactose.

Glucose

monosaccharide that is primary fuel for muscle and other cells;"dextrose" or "blood sugar"

What Organs are Involve with Digestion

mouth, stomach, small intestine, liver, large intestine, and rectum

Disaccharide

simple sugar comprised of two monosaccharides.

Monosaccharide

simple sugar that is the basic molecule of carbohydrates.

Glycogen

storage polysaccharide in animals

Starch

storage polysaccharide in plants

Nutritive Sweeteners

substances that sweeten and contribute energy to foods

Alternative Sweeteners

substances that sweeten foods while providing few or no kilocalories

Added Sugar

sugars added to foods during processing or preparation


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