Chapter 5 Practice Quiz
What is Robert Merton's term for preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of keeping an organization from accomplishing its goals?
Bureaucratic ritualism
In general, people in secondary groups are more likely that people in primary groups to "keep score" in terms of who owes what to whom.
True
In the process of anticipatory socialization, people use social groups they wish to join as reference groups.
True
Internet sites such as Facebook help people create large social networks.
True
Oligarchy refers to the rule of the many by the few.
True
The leadership style that allows group members autonomy is "laissez-faire".
True
Typically, the people with the largest social networks are young, well educated, and live in big cities.
True
In addition to keeping their individuality, members of a social group also think of themselves as a special "we".
True
What is the correct sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students"?
A category
Assume you are a parent of a child in school. From your point of view, what type of organization is a school's parent-teacher association?
A normative organization
In general, we see ______ as a means to an end; we see ______ as an end in itself.
A secondary group; a primary group
What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?
A social group
According to Deborah Tannen, what traits make up a "female advantage"?
All of these responses are correct.
Why did Cooley refer to some groups as "primary groups"?
All of theses responses are correct.
Which type of social group commands a member's self esteem and loyalty?
An in-group
A social group toward which a person feels competition is which of the following?
An out-group
The basic idea behind scientific management is that
Applying scientific principles cam make a business more efficient.
Which type of leadership styles takes charge of making decisions and makes sure people do what they are told?
Authoritarian leadership
As the number of member in a group goes up, the number of possible relationships that connect them goes up much more quickly.
True
Think about the process of McDonaldization. Looking at the list below, which one of the traits is NOT linked to McDonaldization?
Creativity
A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is a
Crowd.
Imagine you are watching several dozen passengers sitting in an airport gate area waiting to board a plane. These people are an example of a
Crowd.
Which type of leader encourages everyone in a group to have a say in what happens?
Democratic leader
In your group, the leader is skilled at using humor to reduce tension and lighten serious moments. Which type of leader does your group have?
Expressive leader
Which concept refers to group leadership that emphasized collective well-being?
Expressive leadership
Irving Janis demonstrated how discussion always improves decision making in a social group.
False
People riding together on a subway are called a social group.
False
Rosabeth Moss Kanter's research shows that clear rules firmly and uniformly applied increase a business's profitability.
False
Solomon Asch's experiment in group conformity showed that most people would not compromise their personal judgement in order to avoid being seen as different.
False
The boundary that distinguishes members from nonmembers is clearer in secondary groups than in primary groups.
False
Max Weber noted many traits of bureaucracy. Which of the following list is NOT one of them?
Favoring family members over strangers
Solomon Asch's research, in which subjects were asked to match lines, showed that
Group membership has the power to generate conformity.
You are pare of a task force with a group leader who has a distant relationship with the group members and who is concerned with getting the job done. Which type of leader does your task force have?
Instrumental leader
What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?
Instrumental leadership
A secondary group is a social group that
Is impersonal and engages in some specific activity.
What type of leaders downplay their own power, letting the group function more or less on its own?
Laissez-faire leaders
Formal organizations are
Large secondary groups with a goal orientation.
Read the four statements below. Which of them is NOT evidence of the process called the "McDonaldization" of society?
Many new jobs demand creativity and imagination.
Read the list of traits below. Which of these is NOT a characteristic of secondary groups?
Members have a person orientation
Which of the following is typically true of a social network?
Networks are "fuzzy" groups made up of people we "know of" rather than those we know well.
Which of these concepts was used by Robert Michels to refer to the rule of the many by the few?
Oligarchy
Max Weber argued that formal organizations were efficient, but he cautioned that they can have harmful effects on people. As he saw it, what is the danger?
Organizations create alienation.
The emergency room clerk who keeps a bleeding patient waiting filling out lots of paperwork is a classic example of bureaucratic
Ritualism
Expressive leaders are more likely that instrumental leaders to enjoy more personal affection from group members.
True
Which of the following is every society's MOST important primary group?
The Family
In the "iron law of oligarchy", Robert Michels stated that bureaucracy always means
The few rule the many.
Here are four statements describing group dynamics. Which of them is NOT an expression of groupthink?
The group seeks diverse member and ends up being unable to reach a consensus.
Generally, people in secondary relationships think of others as being a means to some end.
True
A psychiatric hospital can be a coercive organization for a patient, a utilitarian organization for a psychiatrist, and a normative organization for a part-time volunteer.
True
Which type of formal organization do people join in order to obtain money and other material benefits?
Utilitarian organization
