Chapter 5 Quiz

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True or False? Because more sodium ions are entering the cell then potassium ions leaving the cell, an electrical gradient occurs and a net negative charge develops outside the cell.

False

True or False? Unlike simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion requires energy expenditure by the cell.

False

True of False? The binding and release of sodium or potassium ions are due to conformational changes in the protein.

True

True or False Low-density lipoprotein is brought into the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.

True

True or False? Facilitated diffusion requires a specific transporter for a specific molecule.

True

True or False? If the material the cell takes in is liquid, the process is termed pinocytosis.

True

True or False? The sodium-potassium pump is a trans-membrane protein.

True

True or False? The sodium-potassium pump requires ATP in order to create a change in the shape of the carrier protein.

True

Consider your knowledge about the plasma membrane and select all of the true statements. a. Steroid molecules in membranes help modify membrane fluidity. b. Phospholipids give membranes their fluidity, and an individual phospholipid can move sideways in the membrane. c. The mosaic property of membranes is due to the variety of lipid types embedded in the membrane. d. The two sides of a membrane are identical. e. Proteins within the plasma membrane can shift positions, even if they are anchored to the cytoskeleton.

a, b

Which of the following statements is true in regards to the order and location of the movement of ions in the sodium-potassium pump? a. Three sodium ions leave the cell, and then two potassium ions enter the cell. b. Three sodium ions enter the cell, and then two potassium ions leave the cell. c. Two potassium ions enter the cell, and then three sodium ions leave the cell. d. Two potassium ions leave the cell, and then three sodium ions enter the cell.

a. Three sodium ions leave the cell, and then two potassium ions enter the cell.

Facilitated diffusion requires a. carrier proteins b. enzymes c. carbohydrate carriers d. lipid or carbohydrate carriers e. lipid carriers

a. carrier proteins

If the contents of a beaker are hypotonic in relation to the interior of the cell, water will a. enter the cell and lysis will occur. b. enter the cell and crenation will occur. c. exit the cell and lysis will occur. d. exit the cell and crenation will occur. e. both enter and exit the cell at equal rates so no net loss or gain occurs.

a. enter the cell and lysis will occur.

Certain white blood cells engulf microorganisms and bring them in to digest them. This process is best described as a. phagocytosis b. pinocytosis c. diffusion. d. osmosis e. receptor-mediated exocytosis.

a. phagocytosis

Facilitated diffusion is used to transport a. sugars and amino acids b. sugars and H2O c. H2O and O2 d. CO2 and H2O e. CO2 and O2

a. sugars and amino acids

Osmosis can best be described as a. the diffusion of water from areas where the water concentration is higher to areas where the water concentration is lower. b. the diffusion of water from areas where the water concentration is lower to areas where the water concentration is higher. c. the diffusion of gas particles from areas where the water concentration is higher to areas where the water concentration is lower. d. the diffusion of solutes from areas where the solute concentration is lower to areas where the solute concentration is higher.

a. the diffusion of water from areas where the water concentration is higher to areas where the water concentration is lower.

Which of the following is responsible for determining which direction water will diffuse across the plasma membrane of cells? a. tonicity b. osmosis c. semipermability d. solubility

a. tonicity

What cell membrane transport process is occurring in the image when oxygen (O2) moves from an alveolus in the lung into the blood capillaries? a. osmosis b. diffusion c. endocytosis d. active transport

b. diffusion

Red blood cells are also called a. white blood cells b. erythrocytes c. monocytes d. hemoglobin

b. erythrocytes

Red blood cells in an isotonic solution are a. shriveled b. lozenge shaped c. empty membraned d. cube shaped

b. lozenge shaped

The sodium-potassium pump functions to pump a. sodium ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell b. sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell c. sodium and potassium ions in both directions across the cell membrane d. sodium and potassium ions into the cell e. sodium and potassium ions out of the cell

b. sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell

The sodium-potassium pump requires a carrier protein that binds a. one sodium and four potassium ions. b. three sodium and two potassium ions. c. three sodium and four potassium ions. d. two sodium and three potassium ions.

b. three sodium and two potassium ions.

Red blood cells put in a hypotonic solution will a. form linear edges b. shrivel and become crenated c. be destroyed by hemolysis d. not be affected in any way

c. be destroyed by hemolysis

Facilitated diffusion occurs a. out of the cell only b. in either direction depending on the size of the molecule c. in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule d. into the cell only e. in either direction depending on the temperature

c. in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule

Human erythrocytes function best in a(n) a. hypertonic solution b. hypotonic solution c. isotonic solution d. bacterial solution

c. isotonic solution

Red blood cells put in a hypertonic solution will a. be destroyed by hemolysis b. form linear edges c. shrivel and become crenated d. not be affected in any way

c. shrivel and become crenated

During one cycle, the sodium-potassium pump binds and moves a. 1 Na+ and 2K+ b. 2Na+ and 3K+ c. 2Na+ and 2K+ d. 3Na+ and 2K+ e. 3Na+ and 3K+

d. 3Na+ and 2K+

If the contents of a beaker are hypertonic in relation to the interior of the cell, water will a. enter the cell and lysis will occur. b. enter the cell and crenation will occur. c. exit the cell and lysis will occur. d. exit the cell and crenation will occur. e. both enter and exit the cell at equal rates so no net loss or gain occurs.

d. exit the cell and crenation will occur.

Exocytosis is a process by which cells a. bring in substances from the outside via pores in the cell membrane. b. bring in substances from the outside via vesicles. c. release substances from the cell through pores in the cell membrane. d. release substances from the cell via vesicles. e. release substances from the cell via carrier proteins.

d. release substances from the cell via vesicles.

Active transport can best be described as a. the movement of molecules into a cell through phagocytosis and an invagination of the plasma membrane. b. the movement of molecules with their concentration gradient, from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. c. the diffusion of water from areas where water concentration is higher to areas where water concentration is lower. d. the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

d. the movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration.

Classify the following characteristics based on whether they are describing diffusion, osmosis, or both. a. responsible for maintaining turgor pressure in plant cells b. can occur with or without a membrane c. results in an equal distribution of solute molecules d. involves the movement of gases, ions, and small water soluble molecules e. moves from areas of high concentration to low concentration f. responsible for gas exchange in the lungs g. passive form of movement that requires no energy h. always involves the movement of water i. requires a semi-permeable membrane

diffusion: d, f, b osmosis: a, h, i both: c, e, g

If the contents of a beaker are isotonic in relation to the interior of the cell, water will a. enter the cell and lysis will occur b. enter the cell and crenation will occur c. exit the cell and lysis will occur d. exit the cell and crenation will occur e. both enter and exit the cell at equal rates so no net loss or gain occurs

e. both enter and exit the cell at equal rates so no net loss or gain occurs

What is the source of energy used to power the sodium-potassium pump? a. transport of ATP by the pump b. breakdown of GTP c. formation of ATP d. transport of GTP by the pump e. breakdown of ATP

e. breakdown of aTP

Classify the following characteristics based on what type of junction they describe. Some labels may be used more than once (gap, tight, or adhesion) a. include desmosomes and hemidesmosomes b. seen in organs whose tissues require stretching, such as the stomach and bladder c. allow for cell-to-cell communication d. seen in tissues that depend on ion flow, such as within the heart e. seen in organs whose tissues act as barriers, such as the bladder f. connect cells through membrane proteins g. provide strength but allow passage of molecules h. allow for sturdy flexible stretchy cell layers i. bring cells tightly together through a zipperlike fastening

gap: f, c, g, b tight: f, b, i adhesion: a, b, h

Classify the following descriptions and examples based on what type of active transport they describe. (phagocytosis, pincytosis, receptor mediated) a. highly selective and very efficient b. transports large molecules, such as viruses c. seen when white blood cells engulf foreign particles, such as bacteria d. also known as "cell drinking" e. transports specific small molecules, such as vitamins and peptide hormones f. also known as "cell eating" g. seen in plant root cells h. transports small molecule, such as carbohydrates and proteins

phagocytosis: b, c, f pincytosis: d, g, h receptor mediated: a, e

Classify the following molecules based on their predicted movement across a semipermeable plasma membrane. (require membrane proteins, don't require membrane proteins) a. ions towards areas of higher concentration b. alochol c. lipid soluble molecules d. polar molecules e. nonpolar molecules f. amino acids such as tryptophan g. oxygen h. carbon dioxide i. glycerol j. sugars such as starch

require: a, d, f, j don't require: b, c, e, g, h, i


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