Chapter 5 SB
Within the past 10 years, Supreme Court decisions have expanded LGBTQ rights in which of the following ways?
1964, couples can
Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of Black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely Black.
95
In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law is ______
Almost always unconstitutional
Which influential figure began civil rights work by organizing strikes by farmworkers to attain basic labor rights for migrant workers?
Cesar Chavez
Asian Americans emphasize _____ as a means of achieving upward mobility.
Education
Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970s but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?
Equal Rights Amendment
In the presidential election following enactment of the Voting Rights Act, Black turnout in the South ______.
Increased 20
In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.
Indian Civil Rights Act
Legislation from the 1960s and 1970s prohibits discrimination in hiring against older workers for ______.
Jobs mance
What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?
Wounded Knee
Which policy requires the federal government to implement measures aimed at reinforcing equal access to employment by mandating recruitment procedures that gave qualified minority workers an equal opportunity to gain government jobs?
affirmative action
Which type of discrimination is based on the law?
de jure discrimination
The law refers to the rights of individuals; however, ______.
groups more often fight for civil rights.
The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?
inspired a hope for eventual equality been foundational in legal decisions given moral strength to diverse movements
In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians ______.
were an inferior people.
In which year did the Supreme Court rule that forced busing violated student's constitutional right to equal protection under the law?
2007
Of the 500 largest U.S. corporations, about ______ percent are headed by women.
5
Who was the first woman to run on the national ticket of a major political party?
Geraldine Ferraro
Which sociologist authored the book An American Dilemma?
Gunnar Myrdal
Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?
Obergefell v. Hodges
Which of the following are current policy issues for Native Americans?
Obtaining, prevent, preserve
What portion of congressional seats are held by women?
about a quarter
Asian Americans are more likely than other minority groups to ______.
be college educated. have a high median income.
The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.
bilingual
According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of ______.
suspect classifications
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 classified which of the following as legally protected groups?
women and minorities
What demographic group is most likely to support same-sex marriage?
younger adults
How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?
He did not believe there was a precise meaning.
The 1964 Civil Rights Act banned ______.
discrimination in public accommodations
Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?
equal access to public facilities the right of every person to equal protection under the law equal access to the opportunities society provides
Which clause of the U.S. Constitution was at the center of the argument in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?
equal protection clause
According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of Black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.
35/12
Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?
It banned discriminatory voter registration practices. It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters.
Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?
It grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities. It requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities.
In 1964, how did the federal government respond to demands for equal rights for African Americans?
It passed the Civil Rights Act, which entitles all persons to equal access to public accommodations.
Which of the following statements about African American children in the United States is true?
More than half grow up in a single-parent family.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, which of the following are reasons for the higher death rate for Black Americans?
More, higher, higher
Which of the following Native American nations have a majority who speak native languages at home?
Navajo and Pueblo
What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?
People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race, color, and religion.
Which legal test gives government considerable leeway in treating people differently, such as imposing a higher tax rate on upper-income Americans?
Reasonable Basis Test
At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large Black populations.
Redlining
Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Which of the following are among the legacies of the practice of redlining?
Segregation, Hispanics
The Supreme Court decision in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) ______ affirmative action.
upheld
Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?
The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers. Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.
Which of the following statements are accurate representations of the Hispanic population in the United States?
Their the
Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting ______.
certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job.
In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ___ classifications even though such classifications need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.
gender
In Rostker v. Goldberg (1980) the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of ____ classifications even though such classifications need to be scrutinized more closely than classifications by age or income.
gender
Hispanics who have immigrated to the U.S. are generally concentrated ______.
in their states of entry.
In a 1930s Supreme Court case that challenged the application of the separate-but-equal doctrine, the Court ruled that Blacks ______ public facilities reserved for whites in those cases where they didn't have separate facilities.
must be allowed to use
In a 1947 case, the Supreme Court ruled that because they had no law school for Black students, the University of Oklahoma was ______ to admit Ada Sipuel to its law school.
required
What are comparable worth policies?
those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education
In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court declared that "____" but equal facilities do not violate the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause.
to separate