Chapter 5 Self-Test
introspect
In the early days of psychology's history, people were asked to _____, or observe their own conscious experience and try to describe it.
narcolepsy
Individuals who suffer from ______ experience uncontrollable sleep attacks at times when a person normally wouldn't be sleeping.
inverted spectrum problem
One problem with introspection, known as the ________, is that even if you can perfectly describe your experiences, there is no guarantee that others would understand them the same way you do.
REM behavior disorder
People who suffer from ______ act out their dreams because the paralysis that normally occurs during REM sleep is absent or incomplete.
sleep apnea
People who suffer from ______ stop breathing for at least 10 seconds and sometimes as long as a minute or two when they are sleeping.
insomnia
Persistent difficulty falling or staying asleep is referred to as _______.
change blindness
A form of inattentional blindness in which a person fails to notice changes in a visual stimulus is called _______.
hypnotic analgesia
A reduction in pain perception caused by hypnotic suggestion is known as _____.
sleep
A regularly occurring state of altered consciousness that happens when arousal is very low is known as _____.
dissociation
A splitting of conscious awareness ask known as ________.
conscious
According to Freud's iceberg analogy, the focus of your attention at the current moment lies within your ______ mind.
preconscious
According to Freud's iceberg analogy, thoughts and emotions that you aren't currently aware of, but could easily bring to mind rake place in your ______.
latent content
According to Freud's theory of dreaming, _____ consists of unconscious drives and wishes.
manifest content
According to Freud's theory, ______ is the visible, surface content of a dream.
dynamic unconscious
According to Freud, this is the deepest part of the iceberg that contains hidden memories, instincts, and desires.
activation synthesis
According to the _____ theory of dreaming, dreams result from the brain's attempt to create a "story" out of chaotic brain activity.
global workspace
According to the ______ hypothesis, conscious awareness arises from synchronized activity, from across various brain regions, that is integrated into coherent representations of an experience.
alcohol myopia
Alcohol narrows attention and perception and restricts how much information people take into account when deciding how to behave. This is known as ______.
default mode network
An interconnected system of brain regions that are active when the mind is alert and aware, but not focused on any particular task, such as during mind wandering, is known as the ______.
drug addiction
An uncontrollable compulsion to use a substance even though doing so causes problems for the user, such as damage to health and relationships or an inability to manage responsibilities is classified as ______.
psychoactive drugs
Chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain's chemical message system are referred to as ________.
depressants
Drugs that decrease activity in the nervous system are known as _____.
hallucinogens
Drugs that dramatically change the contents of conscious awareness, distort perceptions, and trigger sensory experiences in the absence of sensory input are known as _______.
stimulants
Drugs that increase activity in the nervous system are known as ______.
REM
During _____, our brain is active, we cannot move our skeletal muscles, and we dream.
delta
During deep sleep, our brain experiences _____ waves.
alpha
During relaxed wakefulness, our brain experiences ______ waves.
theta
During stage 1 of sleep, our brain experiences _____ waves.
beta
During wakefulness when we are alert, our brain experiences _____ waves.
REM rebound
If a person is deprived of REM sleep, a phenomenon called _____ will occur where REM sleep increases to make up for the previous loss.
circadian rhythm
The ______ is the regular, 24-hour pattern of bodily arousal.
automaticity
The ability to perform a task without conscious awareness or attention is known as ______.
metacognition
The ability to think about one's own thinking is referred to as ______.
selective attention
The act of focusing one's awareness onto a particular aspect of one's experience at the exclusion of everything else is known as ______.
cognitive unconscious
The various mental processes that support ordinary perception, memory, and thinking without conscious awareness or attention is called the ______.
withdrawal
Unpleasant physical symptoms that result when a person is physically dependent on a drug and its effect wears off is known as _______.
sleepwalking
Walking or performing other behaviors during sleep is known as _______.
k complexes
What is the term for sharp rising and falling waves that occurs during stage 2 of sleep?
sleep spindles
What is the term for short bursts of electrical activity that occurs during stage 2 of sleep?
consciousness
_____ can be defined as our awareness of both the external world and the internal world.
subliminal
_____ perception is a form of perception that happens just below the level of conscious awareness.
hypnosis
______ involves social interaction in which a subject shifts into a highly relaxed state of mind and becomes readily accepting of perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors that are suggested.
meditation
______ is a set of practices that focus on training mental processes like attention, awareness, and sometimes emotions.
night terrors
______ refers to a disorder in which people, while still asleep during deep sleep, experience anxiety or fear along with increased heart rate and respiration.
inattention blindness
______ refers to a failure to perceive information that is outside the focus of one's attention.
drug tolerance
______ refers to the diminished response of a drug that results from prolonged use, leading the drug user to require larger doses to achieve the same effect.