Chapter 5 study guide

Irregular bone

-Irregular bone - Do not fit into other bone classification categories

Long bones

-Typically longer than they are wide -Shaft with heads situated at both ends -Contain mostly compact bone -All of the bones of the limbs (except wrist, ankle, and kneecap bones) are long bones

synovial joint

How is a ball-and-socket joint classified?

Articular carilage

- Covers the external surface of the epiphyses -Mady of hyaline cartilage - Decreases friction at joint surfaces

flat bone

- Thin, flattened, and usually curved

Diaphysis

- shaft - Makes up most of bone's length - Composed of compact bone

Epiphysis

-Ends of the bone -Composed mostly of spongy bone enclosed by thin layer of compact bone

Which of these is a typical characteristic of the female pelvis?

ischial spines that are short and farther apart

Lamellae

layers or rings of calification that are found in compact bone

What type of joint is found between the atlas and the dens of the axis?

pivot

Cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone are called ________ bones.

short

True

The intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of fibrocartilage.

foramen magnum

The large hole located in the base of the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord and brain to connect is the

false

The last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no anterior attachments.

How many true ribs do humans have?

7

Epiphyseal plate

Area where bone growth takes place in a long bone

The most important minerals stored in bones are ________

Calcium and Phosphorus

Small channels that radiate thought the matrix of compact bone

Canaliculi

Bone breaks into many fragements

Comminuted fracture

Broken bone portion is pushed inward

Depression fracture

Zygomatic bone

Identify the bones that do NOT house a paranasal sinus

lambdoid suture

The suture situated anteriorly between the parietal bones and occipital bone is the

squamous

The temporal bones are joined with the parietal bones at the ________ sutures.

true

There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae.

vertebrae

What bones protect the spinal cord?

pressure on spinal nerves by the protruding disc

What causes the pain associated with a herniated disc?

transverse foramina

What feature is uniquely associated with cervical vertebrae?

A bony collar forms

What step occurs first in the embryonic development of most bones?

cervical

What type of vertebrae have openings in their transverse processes that guide the vertebral arteries up toward the brain?

marrow cavity

Where does hematopoiesis occur?

sphenoid bone

Which bone of the cranium contains a small depression that surrounds the pituitary gland?

true ribs

Which bones attach directly to the sternum via the costal cartilages?

metacarpals bones

Which bones form the palm of the hand?

scapula and humerus

Which bones form the shoulder joint?

sternum

Which of the following bones is considered part of the axial skeleton?

canalicul

Which of these allow nutrients to diffuse from the central canal to all the osteocytes within an osteon?

maxillary and palatine

Which of these bones form the hard palate?

sternum

Which of these bones is part of the axial skeleton?

Fontanels allow the fetal skull to be compressed slightly during childbirth.

Which of these statements describes a function of fontanels?

cervical

Which spinal curvature develops as an infant begins to hold up his or her head?

Lacunae

are arranged in concentric rings called Lamellae

Osteocytes

are situated within cavities know as Lacunae

The skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage form the ________ skeleton.

axial

Small canals that connect osteocytes in their lacunae to the central canal are known as ________.

canaliculi

Which of these is responsible for the flexibility of bone?

collagen

In what type of fracture is the bone broken into many fragments?

comminuted

Blood cell formation is called _____

hematopoiesis

What bone does NOT articulate directly with any other bone?

hyoid

The arrangement of bone tissue shown in the figure consists of ________

osteons( Haversian systems

Which of these bones is most susceptible to fractures?

osteoporotic bones

Which bone of the cranium contains a small depression that surrounds the pituitary gland?

sphenoid bone

Which of these is a function of the skeletal system?

storage site for calcium

Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and mandible

true

Which bones attach directly to the sternum via the costal cartilages?

true ribs

Which is the correct order of ribs, from superior to inferior?

true ribs, false ribs, floating ribs

Calls that can build bony matrix

Osteoblasts

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

Osteoclasts

Periosteum

Outside covering of the diaphysis

Epiphyseal line

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate Seen in adult bones

Hasan is a three-year-old boy who lives in Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is small for his age, has bowed legs, exhibits muscle weakness, and complains often of pain in his bones. Hasan most likely has __________.

Rickets

Ragged bone break resulting from twisting forces

Spiral fracture

axis

The dens is a process projecting from the

fonranels

The fibrous connections between the bones of a fetal skull are _

is the only bone of the body that does not directly articulate with any other bone

The hyoid bone is unique because it

Incomplete bone break

Greenstick fracture

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

Impacted fracture

first cervical vertebro

The atlas is the

coccyx

The tailbone is the

What is the region of the coxal bone that bears most of the body weight when a person is sitting?

ischial tuberosity

joint cavity

joint cavity What is the distinguishing feature of a synovial joint?

The sternum is the result of fusion of three bones called the

manubrium, body, xiphoid process